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<p>In the Mexican Caribbean (MC), coastal dunes (CD) vegetation exhibits a seasonal dynamism likely associated to the coastal dunes geomorphology and stages of development. This study describes, classifies and determines the diversity, structure and spatial seasonality of coastal dune vegetation within the Sian Ka'an Biosphere Reserve (SKBR), a national protected area in the central MC. Using abundance data, species accumulation curves was used to assess the representativeness of the sampling effort. Diversity was calculated, followed by a non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis and a principal component analysis to detect the influence of dune profiles on the spatial distribution of vegetation. Supervised classification and seasonal changes were evaluated using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). A total of 35 species, distributed across 23 families were recorded. The NZ exhibited greater diversity (H’: 1.58) than the SZ (H´: 1.43). Cluster analysis revealed four distinct groups associated with the dune profile, while the Random Forest (RF) classifier achieved a validation coefficient of 98% and a Kappa coefficient of 0.98. Satellite imagery indicated that vegetation in the NZ is photosynthetically more active than in the SZ. Our findings indicate that the spatial arrangement of vegetation is mainly related to the dune profile, although its spatial distribution may also be influenced by physicochemical factors. The RF classifier proved to be suitable for classifying vegetation cover in the CD, while the seasonal analysis revealed the current state of conservation and degradation of vegetation cover in the CD system.</p>

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Composition, structure, and spatial distribution of vegetation in the coastal dunes of the central Mexican Caribbean

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月23日

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  • Eloy Gayosso-Soto,
  • Sergio Cohuo,
  • Carmen Amelia Villegas-Sánchez,
  • Jorge Armando López-Chan,
  • Leopoldo Querubín Cutz-Pool

摘要

In the Mexican Caribbean (MC), coastal dunes (CD) vegetation exhibits a seasonal dynamism likely associated to the coastal dunes geomorphology and stages of development. This study describes, classifies and determines the diversity, structure and spatial seasonality of coastal dune vegetation within the Sian Ka'an Biosphere Reserve (SKBR), a national protected area in the central MC. Using abundance data, species accumulation curves was used to assess the representativeness of the sampling effort. Diversity was calculated, followed by a non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis and a principal component analysis to detect the influence of dune profiles on the spatial distribution of vegetation. Supervised classification and seasonal changes were evaluated using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). A total of 35 species, distributed across 23 families were recorded. The NZ exhibited greater diversity (H’: 1.58) than the SZ (H´: 1.43). Cluster analysis revealed four distinct groups associated with the dune profile, while the Random Forest (RF) classifier achieved a validation coefficient of 98% and a Kappa coefficient of 0.98. Satellite imagery indicated that vegetation in the NZ is photosynthetically more active than in the SZ. Our findings indicate that the spatial arrangement of vegetation is mainly related to the dune profile, although its spatial distribution may also be influenced by physicochemical factors. The RF classifier proved to be suitable for classifying vegetation cover in the CD, while the seasonal analysis revealed the current state of conservation and degradation of vegetation cover in the CD system.