Enhancing coastal resource management through spatial tools: addressing knowledge gaps and future challenges
摘要
Spatial tools have become indispensable in coastal resource management, offering innovative means to analyze, visualize, and support decision-making in complex coastal ecosystems. This review evaluates the evolution, applications, benefits, and challenges of spatial tools in the management of coastal resources. Geographic information systems (GISs), remote sensing technologies, and spatial modeling techniques have been demonstrated to contribute significantly to integrated coastal management frameworks, including habitat mapping, marine spatial planning (MSP), vulnerability assessments, fisheries management, and coastal development planning. Although these tools provide enhanced decision-making, improved stakeholder engagement, and efficient resource allocation, their implementation is often hindered by data quality issues, technical expertise requirements, and integration challenges within existing management frameworks. This review presents successful case studies demonstrating the efficacy of spatial tools in various global coastal management scenarios. In addition, it identifies key research gaps, including the need for improved real-time monitoring systems, the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning, user-friendly interface development, and better incorporation of socioeconomic factors into spatial analyses. As coastal zones face increasing pressures from climate change, urbanization, and economic development, spatial tools are crucial in promoting evidence-based, adaptive, and integrated coastal resource management strategies.