<p>The coastline serves as the boundary between land and sea, acting as a protective barrier against marine disasters and playing a vital role in maintaining biodiversity. Coastal resource development and protection are primarily managed through Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM), with few independent policies specifically dedicated to coastal resource management. This study delves into the practice of coastline mapping and coastal functional zoning, systematically exploring the deeper connotations of coastal resource management and their practical applications. For the first time, an innovative management framework for the sustainable utilization of coastal resources is proposed: "identification of coastline positioning—coastal functional zoning—maintenance and improvement of coastal functions". The framework was applied and validated through a case study in Putian City, China. By integrating spatial accuracy with functional assessment, this framework can serve as a coastal management tool for policymakers to identify the quantity and quality of coastal resources while protecting their functions in various future scenarios.</p>