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<p>Medium-sized coastal cities in deltaic environments face unique urbanization challenges constrained by fluvial erosion and climate hazards, yet remain underexplored compared to major metropolitan regions. This study addresses this gap by quantifying the spatiotemporal interplay between urban expansion and population dynamics in Barishal, Bangladesh, a climate-vulnerable coastal city where physical constraints fundamentally shape growth patterns. Using Landsat 5 and 8 imageries with sensor-specific NDBI thresholding validated through Otsu and ROC methods, combined with gridded population data from WorldPop, this study analyzed urban development patterns from 2000 to 2020. Built-up area increased from 198.05&#xa0;km² to 241.49&#xa0;km², while population rose from 366,284 to 433,623, with classification accuracy exceeding 89.8% (Kappa &gt; 0.80) across all periods. Land consumption ratio declined substantially between 2000 and 2010 during severe riverbank erosion episodes, with negative UE/GLCR ratios in 2005–2010 and 2015–2020 indicating densification patterns amid constrained horizontal growth. These findings reveal how environmental barriers drive alternative urban growth forms, informing critical policy needs for urban growth boundary controls, zoning overlays for erosion-vulnerable zones, and infrastructure resilience planning. This research provides evidence-based spatial and demographic essential for sustainable urban planning in hundreds of similarly constrained deltaic cities worldwide facing intensifying climate pressures.</p>

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Urban expansion and population dynamics in Barishal, Bangladesh: a remote sensing perspective

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月20日

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  • Tanveer Ahmed

摘要

Medium-sized coastal cities in deltaic environments face unique urbanization challenges constrained by fluvial erosion and climate hazards, yet remain underexplored compared to major metropolitan regions. This study addresses this gap by quantifying the spatiotemporal interplay between urban expansion and population dynamics in Barishal, Bangladesh, a climate-vulnerable coastal city where physical constraints fundamentally shape growth patterns. Using Landsat 5 and 8 imageries with sensor-specific NDBI thresholding validated through Otsu and ROC methods, combined with gridded population data from WorldPop, this study analyzed urban development patterns from 2000 to 2020. Built-up area increased from 198.05 km² to 241.49 km², while population rose from 366,284 to 433,623, with classification accuracy exceeding 89.8% (Kappa > 0.80) across all periods. Land consumption ratio declined substantially between 2000 and 2010 during severe riverbank erosion episodes, with negative UE/GLCR ratios in 2005–2010 and 2015–2020 indicating densification patterns amid constrained horizontal growth. These findings reveal how environmental barriers drive alternative urban growth forms, informing critical policy needs for urban growth boundary controls, zoning overlays for erosion-vulnerable zones, and infrastructure resilience planning. This research provides evidence-based spatial and demographic essential for sustainable urban planning in hundreds of similarly constrained deltaic cities worldwide facing intensifying climate pressures.