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<p>Ecological stability inherently integrates temporal dynamics, effectively correlates with diverse human activity types, and reflects ecosystem controllability, providing a robust framework to decipher coastal wetland ecological patterns under multiple human activities and ecological restorations. In this study, a coastal wetland ecological stability model was established from static and dynamic perspectives. The static perspective focuses on the ecological status at a certain time point, while the dynamic perspective pays close attention to the resistance to disturbances and the resilience under restorations during a period. Novel indices were proposed to quantify and spatialize the ecological stability in the Yellow River Delta of China based on dual-temporal remote sensing and field data. Results demonstrated dynamic stability’s greater contribution than static stability to overall ecosystem stability. Wetlands presented high static stability but low dynamic one, built-up areas and bare lands had intermediate static stability but high dynamic one, farmlands possessed high static and dynamic stability, water areas exhibited intermediate static and dynamic stability, and ponds showed low static and dynamic stability. Enhancement of ecological conservation benefited landscape, vegetation, and soil statuses, strengthening of agricultural production worsened landscape status but improved vegetation and soil statuses, shrinkage or removal of ponds brought about improvement of landscape, vegetation, and soil statuses, and intensification of urban construction certainly deteriorated landscape status but exerted low influences on vegetation and soil statuses. Ecological conservation (1.028), agricultural production (0.782), pond development (0.612), and urban construction (0.237) were in the descending order of total influencing degrees. Then, implications for coastal ecological restorations in the six land cover types were derived based on the ecological stability. The model’s high-resolution precision and standardized methodology ensure broad applicability across China’s coastal zones.</p>

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Spatializing the coastal wetland ecological stability from static and dynamic perspectives under ecological restoration

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月16日

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  • Enkang Wang,
  • Yuan Chi,
  • Jing Wang

摘要

Ecological stability inherently integrates temporal dynamics, effectively correlates with diverse human activity types, and reflects ecosystem controllability, providing a robust framework to decipher coastal wetland ecological patterns under multiple human activities and ecological restorations. In this study, a coastal wetland ecological stability model was established from static and dynamic perspectives. The static perspective focuses on the ecological status at a certain time point, while the dynamic perspective pays close attention to the resistance to disturbances and the resilience under restorations during a period. Novel indices were proposed to quantify and spatialize the ecological stability in the Yellow River Delta of China based on dual-temporal remote sensing and field data. Results demonstrated dynamic stability’s greater contribution than static stability to overall ecosystem stability. Wetlands presented high static stability but low dynamic one, built-up areas and bare lands had intermediate static stability but high dynamic one, farmlands possessed high static and dynamic stability, water areas exhibited intermediate static and dynamic stability, and ponds showed low static and dynamic stability. Enhancement of ecological conservation benefited landscape, vegetation, and soil statuses, strengthening of agricultural production worsened landscape status but improved vegetation and soil statuses, shrinkage or removal of ponds brought about improvement of landscape, vegetation, and soil statuses, and intensification of urban construction certainly deteriorated landscape status but exerted low influences on vegetation and soil statuses. Ecological conservation (1.028), agricultural production (0.782), pond development (0.612), and urban construction (0.237) were in the descending order of total influencing degrees. Then, implications for coastal ecological restorations in the six land cover types were derived based on the ecological stability. The model’s high-resolution precision and standardized methodology ensure broad applicability across China’s coastal zones.