Objective <p>This study aimed to investigate the relationship between caregiver burden and the severity of depression, anxiety, and insomnia in caregivers of stroke patients, and to determine the factors associated with caregiver burden.</p> Materials and methods <p>A total of 100 stroke patients receiving inpatient rehabilitation and their primary caregivers were included in this cross-sectional study. The functional status of the patients was evaluated using Brunnstrom stages, the Modified Rankin Scale (mRS), the Modified Barthel Index (mBI), and the Functional Ambulation Scale (FAS). Caregiver burden was assessed with the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), anxiety and depression severity with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and insomnia severity with the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI).</p> Results <p>No clinically significant caregiver burden was detected in 28% of caregivers, while 45% had mild, 22% had moderate, and 5% had severe caregiver burden. A significant positive correlation was found between ZBI scores and HADS-anxiety (<i>r</i> = 0.417, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and HADS-depression scores (<i>r</i> = 0.333, <i>p</i> = 0.001). ISI scores were not significantly correlated with ZBI, but were higher in the moderate–severe burden group. There was no significant association between ZBI scores and patients’ age, number of strokes, mRS, mBI, Brunnstrom stages, FAS scores, or caregiving duration. Female sex and being a housewife were associated with higher caregiver burden.</p> Conclusion <p>These results suggest that caregiver burden is influenced more by caregivers’ psychological and social factors than by patients’ functional status. Incorporating caregiver-focused psychosocial assessment and support into stroke rehabilitation may help improve caregiver well-being and care quality.</p>