<p>A large number of people are heavily reliant on forest land for various resources for their subsistence and income generation, making it a significant contributor to local communities’ livelihoods. Although many existing studies explore the importance of forest resources to the locale, the degree of contribution is site-specific owing to the heterogeneity in forest landscapes and communities. This study assesses the household’s dependence on forest land for non-timber forest products (NTFPs) and factors influencing the collection of NTFPs by local forest dwellers residing in the Buxa Tiger Reserve (BTR). The study uses primary data gathered from 300 households in BTR. Descriptive statistics and econometric models (Probit, Tobit, and Poisson regression) have been employed to assess the extent of household collection of NTFPs and to identify and analyse the determinants that are likely to influence it. It is found that about 58% of households are engaged in NTFP extraction from forests, and the market value of collected NTFPs is estimated to be INR 942,795 (USD 11395) annually. The gathered NTFPs include fruits and vegetables, largely used for their own consumption. The results of econometric models indicate social group, family size, household location, land availability, and change in NTFP availability significantly influence the value of household’s collected NTFPs, whereas the age of household head, gender of household head, education of household head, social group, household income, family size, number of children, household location, land availability, change in NTFP availability, and distance to market are found to be significant factors influencing the number of collected NTFPs. The provision of sustainable extraction and regeneration of NTFPs, alternative livelihood sources, and better transport accessibility could expand livelihood opportunities for forest dwellers, which, in turn, will reduce household’s dependency on NTFPs and, thereby, contribute to the sustainability of BTR.</p>