Momentary Dharma and Continuity: Examining Sengzhao’s Thesis on the Immutability of Things within the Theoretical Framework of the Sarvāstivādin Abhidharma and Mūlamadhyamakakārikā
摘要
This article situates Sengzhao’s 僧肇 claim that “each thing abides in a single moment by its nature” within a comparative framework that juxtaposes the Sarvāstivādin Abhidharma and Nāgārjuna’s Madhyamaka. The enquiry shows, first, that although Sengzhao and the Sarvāstivāda school alike acknowledge the momentary dharma as a discrete existence, they diverge sharply over continuity: the Sarvāstivāda school constructs a quasi-continuum by grouping momentary dharmas into successions of “common characteristics” based on homogeneity, whereas Sengzhao denies that any such sequence is real. Second, Sengzhao’s Treatise on the Immutability of Things (Wu Buqian Lun 物不遷論) cannot simply be assimilated to Nāgārjuna’s method. Nāgārjuna uses the principle of the unchanging confinement of things to derive the self-contradictions of his opponents, which is fundamentally a reductio ad absurdum. Meanwhile, Sengzhao perceives the “own being” (svabhāva) as the “target” established by the Mūlamadhyamakakārikā for negating “own being” as the existence of the world. Consequently, his position diverges not only from the Sarvāstivādin account of momentary continuity but also from Nāgārjuna’s strictly apophatic strategy.