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<p>This study reuses copper–molybdenum ore tailings (CMOTs) blended with metakaolin (MK) as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) for waste recycling and carbon reduction. Macroscopic and microscopic analyses demonstrate that the CMOTs possess high crystallinity with only 12.4% amorphous phases, leading to weak pozzolanic reactivity and a limited filler effect. The incorporation of the CMOTs significantly reduces the 7-day and 28-day compressive strength of cement, which slightly inhibits the hydration of C<sub>3</sub>S but promotes the hydration of C<sub>2</sub>S. As an effective modification material, MK can prominently improve the early strength of CMOT-blended cement. Specifically, when the MK dosage is 10% and 20%, the 7-day compressive strength of the blended cement reaches 34.88&#xa0;MPa and 37.09&#xa0;MPa, respectively. However, MK remarkably restrains the growth of compressive strength and the formation of bound water in CMOT -blended cement during the curing period of 7–28&#xa0;days. Considering the positive modification effect of MK and the inherent hydration characteristics of cement clinker, the MK dosage in CMOT -blended cement needs to be optimized to a moderate level. Overall, the collaborative application of the CMOTs and MK in cement formulas can reduce the global warming potential by up to 20% and cut production costs by a maximum of 13%.</p>

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Eco-Utilization of Copper–Molybdenum Tailings in Cement: Characterization and Performance

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月20日

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  • Ying Wang,
  • Xiaowei Gu,
  • Bohan Yang,
  • Zhijun Li,
  • Fengdan Wang,
  • Qing Wang,
  • Jianping Liu

摘要

This study reuses copper–molybdenum ore tailings (CMOTs) blended with metakaolin (MK) as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) for waste recycling and carbon reduction. Macroscopic and microscopic analyses demonstrate that the CMOTs possess high crystallinity with only 12.4% amorphous phases, leading to weak pozzolanic reactivity and a limited filler effect. The incorporation of the CMOTs significantly reduces the 7-day and 28-day compressive strength of cement, which slightly inhibits the hydration of C3S but promotes the hydration of C2S. As an effective modification material, MK can prominently improve the early strength of CMOT-blended cement. Specifically, when the MK dosage is 10% and 20%, the 7-day compressive strength of the blended cement reaches 34.88 MPa and 37.09 MPa, respectively. However, MK remarkably restrains the growth of compressive strength and the formation of bound water in CMOT -blended cement during the curing period of 7–28 days. Considering the positive modification effect of MK and the inherent hydration characteristics of cement clinker, the MK dosage in CMOT -blended cement needs to be optimized to a moderate level. Overall, the collaborative application of the CMOTs and MK in cement formulas can reduce the global warming potential by up to 20% and cut production costs by a maximum of 13%.