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<p>The dimensional accuracy of CNC machining of frozen sand molds directly affects the accuracy of the resulting castings. This paper proposes a point cloud-based rapid 3D detection method to meet the measurement requirements for frozen sand molds during CNC machining. Using a general feature classification strategy, the 3D geometric features of sand molds are categorized as rectangular, circular, and planar, corresponding to dimensional information in the <i>XY</i> plane and the depth direction. Specific dimension-fitting strategies are developed for each feature type, enabling fast and accurate measurement of regular geometric structures in frozen sand molds. Experiments with dimensional standard parts show that the proposed method’s maximum measurement error is 0.34%. The method was further applied to analyze dimensional deviations in frozen sand molds made from silica, chromite, and zircon sands. The average percentage deviations were 0.40%, 0.75%, and 0.62%, respectively. Compared with the global measurement method, the maximum deviation is 0.36&#xa0;mm, and the average deviation is 0.12&#xa0;mm. These results demonstrate that the proposed method satisfies the dimensional inspection requirements for frozen sand molds in CNC machining.</p>

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Research on Rapid Three-Dimensional Inspection Technology for CNC Machining of Frozen Sand Molds

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月20日

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  • Xinliang Fang,
  • Haoqin Yang,
  • Yong Zang,
  • Zhongde Shan,
  • Dandan Yan

摘要

The dimensional accuracy of CNC machining of frozen sand molds directly affects the accuracy of the resulting castings. This paper proposes a point cloud-based rapid 3D detection method to meet the measurement requirements for frozen sand molds during CNC machining. Using a general feature classification strategy, the 3D geometric features of sand molds are categorized as rectangular, circular, and planar, corresponding to dimensional information in the XY plane and the depth direction. Specific dimension-fitting strategies are developed for each feature type, enabling fast and accurate measurement of regular geometric structures in frozen sand molds. Experiments with dimensional standard parts show that the proposed method’s maximum measurement error is 0.34%. The method was further applied to analyze dimensional deviations in frozen sand molds made from silica, chromite, and zircon sands. The average percentage deviations were 0.40%, 0.75%, and 0.62%, respectively. Compared with the global measurement method, the maximum deviation is 0.36 mm, and the average deviation is 0.12 mm. These results demonstrate that the proposed method satisfies the dimensional inspection requirements for frozen sand molds in CNC machining.