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<p>Red mud and coal gangue represent significant solid waste products generated by China's aluminum smelting and coal industries, respectively. Current stockpiles of these materials amount to hundreds of millions of tons. Inadequate waste treatment consumes substantial land, contaminates adjacent soil and water, posing a threat to human health. This study uses typical diaspore-type red mud and coal gangue as raw materials to synergistically prepare green and low-carbon geopolymer materials. Key process parameters and the compressive strength of the resulting geopolymers were investigated, along with their high-temperature resistance and resistance to acid, alkali, and salt corrosion. The appropriate preparation conditions for the red mud-coal gangue geopolymer are: sodium silicate modulus 1.6, 8 wt.% sodium oxide addition, red mud/coal gangue ratio 4:6, water–cement ratio 0.31, curing time 28&#xa0;days. These conditions yielded a maximum compressive strength of 75.9&#xa0;MPa. The geopolymer maintained good strength (41.3&#xa0;MPa) after 800°C calcination but drops to 0.3&#xa0;MPa at 1000°C. Additionally, except for H₂SO₄ solution, the geopolymer demonstrated a certain degree of corrosion resistance to NaOH, NaCl, and water, with compressive strengths ranging from 39.9&#xa0;MPa to 54.7&#xa0;MPa after 28&#xa0;days of immersion. Characterization via XRD, SEM, and FT-IR elucidated the geopolymer formation mechanism.</p>

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Green Geopolymers from Red Mud and Coal Gangue: Synergistic Preparation via Alkali Activation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月18日

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  • Xiaofeng Zhu,
  • Zongxin Li,
  • Haifeng Liu,
  • Chengliang Yang,
  • Jiuyuan Cheng,
  • Yongmei Liu,
  • Haijian Xu,
  • Yuan Shi

摘要

Red mud and coal gangue represent significant solid waste products generated by China's aluminum smelting and coal industries, respectively. Current stockpiles of these materials amount to hundreds of millions of tons. Inadequate waste treatment consumes substantial land, contaminates adjacent soil and water, posing a threat to human health. This study uses typical diaspore-type red mud and coal gangue as raw materials to synergistically prepare green and low-carbon geopolymer materials. Key process parameters and the compressive strength of the resulting geopolymers were investigated, along with their high-temperature resistance and resistance to acid, alkali, and salt corrosion. The appropriate preparation conditions for the red mud-coal gangue geopolymer are: sodium silicate modulus 1.6, 8 wt.% sodium oxide addition, red mud/coal gangue ratio 4:6, water–cement ratio 0.31, curing time 28 days. These conditions yielded a maximum compressive strength of 75.9 MPa. The geopolymer maintained good strength (41.3 MPa) after 800°C calcination but drops to 0.3 MPa at 1000°C. Additionally, except for H₂SO₄ solution, the geopolymer demonstrated a certain degree of corrosion resistance to NaOH, NaCl, and water, with compressive strengths ranging from 39.9 MPa to 54.7 MPa after 28 days of immersion. Characterization via XRD, SEM, and FT-IR elucidated the geopolymer formation mechanism.