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<p>Mercury (Hg) contamination in soil through natural and anthropogenic activities has become a worldwide concern. <i>Brassica juncea</i> (Indian mustard) plants employ distinct defense mechanisms to mitigate the effects of mercury exposure, thereby facilitating the re-establishment of metal homeostasis. This study aimed to analyze the role of <i>Lantana camara</i>-derived iron oxide nanoparticles in antimicrobial as well as in the enhancement of plant growth under mercury stress and the analysis of expression patterns of Hg-responsive genes in the presence and absence of green-synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles (FeONP) in <i>Brassica juncea</i> plants. As a result, <i>Phytochelatin synthase−1</i> (<i>PCS-1</i>) and <i>Heme oxygenase−1</i> (<i>HO-1</i>) are the major mercury-stress responsive genes that were profoundly expressed in <i>Brassica juncea</i>. The <i>HO-1</i> gene codes for the enzymes catalyzing the heme catabolism yielding biliverdin, iron, and carbon monoxide (CO). Thus, these results demonstrate that FeONP not only act as effective antimicrobial agents but also regulate the plant growth, transcript levels of Hg chelators, and anti-oxidative enzymes especially under Hg stress. Therefore, the present study elucidates the positive impact of FeONP on microbial growth inhibition, plant growth enhancement, and resilience to Hg stress.</p>

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Improving Heavy Metal Tolerance in Brassica juncea Using Biogenic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Derived from Lantana camara: A Sustainable and Eco-Compatible Approach

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月23日

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  • Sangeeta Banerjee,
  • Sohini Chakraborty,
  • Pritilata Adhikary,
  • Barkha Madhogaria,
  • Debasmita Saha,
  • Prasanta Dhak,
  • Atreyee Kundu

摘要

Mercury (Hg) contamination in soil through natural and anthropogenic activities has become a worldwide concern. Brassica juncea (Indian mustard) plants employ distinct defense mechanisms to mitigate the effects of mercury exposure, thereby facilitating the re-establishment of metal homeostasis. This study aimed to analyze the role of Lantana camara-derived iron oxide nanoparticles in antimicrobial as well as in the enhancement of plant growth under mercury stress and the analysis of expression patterns of Hg-responsive genes in the presence and absence of green-synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles (FeONP) in Brassica juncea plants. As a result, Phytochelatin synthase−1 (PCS-1) and Heme oxygenase−1 (HO-1) are the major mercury-stress responsive genes that were profoundly expressed in Brassica juncea. The HO-1 gene codes for the enzymes catalyzing the heme catabolism yielding biliverdin, iron, and carbon monoxide (CO). Thus, these results demonstrate that FeONP not only act as effective antimicrobial agents but also regulate the plant growth, transcript levels of Hg chelators, and anti-oxidative enzymes especially under Hg stress. Therefore, the present study elucidates the positive impact of FeONP on microbial growth inhibition, plant growth enhancement, and resilience to Hg stress.