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<p>Ultrasonic spot welding (USW) was conducted between TC4 titanium alloy and 304 stainless steel to investigate the effects of pure Cu, pure Ag, and pure Zn interlayers on the interfacial morphology, microstructure, and mechanical properties of dissimilar joints. The experimental results indicated that USW could successfully join TC4 titanium alloy to 304 stainless steel using Cu, Ag, or Zn interlayers. At the TC4/Cu reaction interface, an intermetallic compound layer approximately 6&#xa0;<i>µ</i>m thick was observed. From the TC4 side toward the Cu interlayer, the intermetallics formed were possibly to be identified as CuTi, Cu<sub>2</sub>Ti<sub>2</sub>, and Cu<sub>4</sub>Ti. With the Cu interlayer, the joint average shear strength reached 192.3&#xa0;MPa. The fracture of the joint was primarily characterized by quasi-cleavage. With the Ag and Zn interlayers, the joint average shear strengths were 60.5&#xa0;MPa and 60.7 MPa, respectively. The joints exhibited brittle fracture, with failure occurring along the weld interface.</p>

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Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Dissimilar Joints Between Titanium Alloy and Stainless Steel

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月18日

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  • Rundong Zhang,
  • Shiqing Wang,
  • Di Hui,
  • Chaoqi Wang,
  • Wei Qiang

摘要

Ultrasonic spot welding (USW) was conducted between TC4 titanium alloy and 304 stainless steel to investigate the effects of pure Cu, pure Ag, and pure Zn interlayers on the interfacial morphology, microstructure, and mechanical properties of dissimilar joints. The experimental results indicated that USW could successfully join TC4 titanium alloy to 304 stainless steel using Cu, Ag, or Zn interlayers. At the TC4/Cu reaction interface, an intermetallic compound layer approximately 6 µm thick was observed. From the TC4 side toward the Cu interlayer, the intermetallics formed were possibly to be identified as CuTi, Cu2Ti2, and Cu4Ti. With the Cu interlayer, the joint average shear strength reached 192.3 MPa. The fracture of the joint was primarily characterized by quasi-cleavage. With the Ag and Zn interlayers, the joint average shear strengths were 60.5 MPa and 60.7 MPa, respectively. The joints exhibited brittle fracture, with failure occurring along the weld interface.