<p>This study employs molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the influence of nanovoid distribution on the fatigue damage performance of single-crystal aluminum. The results reveal that a high density of nanovoids significantly accelerates the reduction in fatigue life. During cyclic loading, the nanovoids gradually deform and coalesce, forming crack initiation sites. Furthermore, dislocations nucleate around these nanovoids, acting as dislocation sources and leading to stress concentration. Concurrently, the presence of nanovoids impedes dislocation motion, which contributes to the shortening of the fatigue life. It was also found that the compression phase of the cycle generates a greater number of dislocation tangles. Meanwhile, nanovoids tend to coalesce into larger defects, thereby diminishing the strengthening effect. Additionally, high temperatures promote the expansion of nanovoids, further reducing the fatigue life.</p>