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<p>Considering the importance of the ascending behavior and residence time of hydrogen bubbles for the deoxidation rate and hydrogen yield using hydrogen as a deoxidizing agent, the present work investigated the ascending behavior of an individual hydrogen bubble in molten steel using the volume of fluid (VOF) model, and the effect of bubble diameter on the terminal velocity and residence time of the bubble is discussed by comparison with an argon bubble. The results showed that hydrogen bubbles exhibited higher acceleration and reached terminal velocity more rapidly than argon bubbles due to the lower gas density. For an initial 10-mm-diameter bubble, the hydrogen bubble reached a terminal velocity in 0.15&#xa0;s, 25% faster than the argon bubble (0.20&#xa0;s). The terminal velocity was primarily influenced by bubble diameter and drag coefficient, while the residence time was mainly determined by the terminal velocity. As the initial hydrogen bubble diameter decreased from 16 to 4&#xa0;mm, the average terminal velocity decreased by 35.9%, while the residence time increased by 56.1%. A critical bubble diameter of 8&#xa0;mm was identified, above which the increase in the drag coefficient became less pronounced, resulting in a more rapid increase in terminal velocity.</p>

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Fundamental Study on Clean Deoxidation Process: Ascending Behavior of Hydrogen Bubble in Molten Steel

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月11日

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  • Longlong He,
  • Min Chen,
  • Nan Wang,
  • Lei Xu

摘要

Considering the importance of the ascending behavior and residence time of hydrogen bubbles for the deoxidation rate and hydrogen yield using hydrogen as a deoxidizing agent, the present work investigated the ascending behavior of an individual hydrogen bubble in molten steel using the volume of fluid (VOF) model, and the effect of bubble diameter on the terminal velocity and residence time of the bubble is discussed by comparison with an argon bubble. The results showed that hydrogen bubbles exhibited higher acceleration and reached terminal velocity more rapidly than argon bubbles due to the lower gas density. For an initial 10-mm-diameter bubble, the hydrogen bubble reached a terminal velocity in 0.15 s, 25% faster than the argon bubble (0.20 s). The terminal velocity was primarily influenced by bubble diameter and drag coefficient, while the residence time was mainly determined by the terminal velocity. As the initial hydrogen bubble diameter decreased from 16 to 4 mm, the average terminal velocity decreased by 35.9%, while the residence time increased by 56.1%. A critical bubble diameter of 8 mm was identified, above which the increase in the drag coefficient became less pronounced, resulting in a more rapid increase in terminal velocity.