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<p>Gradient microstructures offer a promising route to overcome the strength–ductility trade-off in titanium alloys via heterogeneous strengthening. This study presents an axial gradient microstructure in the near-<i>β</i> Ti-55531 alloy, relevant to aerospace fasteners, fabricated through a hybrid processing route combining electropulsing treatment (EPT) with conventional solution and aging. By optimizing the electrothermal parameters (45&#xa0;V, 5&#xa0;min), localized rapid heating was achieved, producing a continuous transition from equiaxed to lamellar microstructure. The combined treatment significantly enhanced tensile properties: strength increased from 787.4&#xa0;MPa to 1244.2&#xa0;MPa and ductility from 8.6% to 17.4%, corresponding to improvements of 58% and 102%, respectively, over EPT alone. Fractographic analysis indicates that, while EPT leads to crack initiation along slip bands in <i>β</i> grains, the composite treatment promotes deformation in the primary equiaxed α phase. This results in more tortuous microcrack propagation at phase interfaces, thereby improving fracture resistance. The work provides a practical and effective strategy for designing high-performance titanium alloys with synergistic mechanical properties for engineering applications.</p>

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Effect of Electrothermal Composite Treatment Process on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Axial Gradient Ti55531 Alloy

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月31日

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  • Hengyu Zhou,
  • Changsheng Tan,
  • Tingting Bao,
  • Tao Yang,
  • Chaowen Huang,
  • Xin Wang,
  • Tuo Huang,
  • Jinxing Zhao,
  • Qiang Dang,
  • Hui Shao,
  • Guojun Zhang

摘要

Gradient microstructures offer a promising route to overcome the strength–ductility trade-off in titanium alloys via heterogeneous strengthening. This study presents an axial gradient microstructure in the near-β Ti-55531 alloy, relevant to aerospace fasteners, fabricated through a hybrid processing route combining electropulsing treatment (EPT) with conventional solution and aging. By optimizing the electrothermal parameters (45 V, 5 min), localized rapid heating was achieved, producing a continuous transition from equiaxed to lamellar microstructure. The combined treatment significantly enhanced tensile properties: strength increased from 787.4 MPa to 1244.2 MPa and ductility from 8.6% to 17.4%, corresponding to improvements of 58% and 102%, respectively, over EPT alone. Fractographic analysis indicates that, while EPT leads to crack initiation along slip bands in β grains, the composite treatment promotes deformation in the primary equiaxed α phase. This results in more tortuous microcrack propagation at phase interfaces, thereby improving fracture resistance. The work provides a practical and effective strategy for designing high-performance titanium alloys with synergistic mechanical properties for engineering applications.