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<p>The conventional H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> leaching method for recycling spent ternary lithium-ion battery (NCM) cells often led to non-selective metal extraction and was costly for partial recovery. To address these limitations, a cost-effective, eco-friendly method was introduced for selectively extracting Li and recovering transition metals (TMs) using carbon thermal reduction roasting, Na<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> leaching, and H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> leaching, ultimately yielding Li<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> and mixed sulfate products. Following reduction roasting, TMs were converted to their metallic or lower-valence oxide states, and Li was converted to Li<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>. Na<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> leaching selectively extracted 97.44% of Li with &gt; 99% selectivity. H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> leaching achieved &gt; 99% efficiency for TMs without an additional reducing agent. Na<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> played a dual role: (1) it simultaneously converted the oxide layers encapsulating Li<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> into more soluble low-valence species, enhancing Li leaching efficiency; (2) it promoted the complete reduction of high-valent oxides as an in situ reductant, promoting the subsequent near-complete leaching of TMs. Economically, this method offered a 1.5-fold higher profit margin than the conventional hydrometallurgical ones. It was also more sustainable, as Na<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> was &gt; 25 times less toxic than H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> and reduced acid consumption by &gt; 90%.</p>

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An Economical and Eco-Friendly Innovative Strategy for Spent LiNixCoyMnzO2 Recovery: Na2S2O3 Dual-Promoted In Situ Reduction and Selective Li Extraction

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月2日

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  • Lingqi Xu,
  • Yongda Tian,
  • Shuai Wang,
  • Hong Zhong,
  • Xin Ma,
  • Zhanfang Cao

摘要

The conventional H2SO4 leaching method for recycling spent ternary lithium-ion battery (NCM) cells often led to non-selective metal extraction and was costly for partial recovery. To address these limitations, a cost-effective, eco-friendly method was introduced for selectively extracting Li and recovering transition metals (TMs) using carbon thermal reduction roasting, Na2S2O3 leaching, and H2SO4 leaching, ultimately yielding Li2CO3 and mixed sulfate products. Following reduction roasting, TMs were converted to their metallic or lower-valence oxide states, and Li was converted to Li2CO3. Na2S2O3 leaching selectively extracted 97.44% of Li with > 99% selectivity. H2SO4 leaching achieved > 99% efficiency for TMs without an additional reducing agent. Na2S2O3 played a dual role: (1) it simultaneously converted the oxide layers encapsulating Li2CO3 into more soluble low-valence species, enhancing Li leaching efficiency; (2) it promoted the complete reduction of high-valent oxides as an in situ reductant, promoting the subsequent near-complete leaching of TMs. Economically, this method offered a 1.5-fold higher profit margin than the conventional hydrometallurgical ones. It was also more sustainable, as Na2S2O3 was > 25 times less toxic than H2SO4 and reduced acid consumption by > 90%.