<p>Aluminum (Al) alloys have been widely used in shipbuilding, aerospace, and automotive manufacturing as lightweight materials in recent years. As society progresses, the requirements for aluminum alloy retention performance at medium and high temperature are also increasing. The new aluminum-cerium alloy, with cerium as the main alloying element, is becoming a hot topic in research because of its unique microstructure and excellent high-temperature stability. This paper summarizes the research results of Al–Ce alloys at home and abroad and introduces the synergistic strengthening mechanism of alloying elements in Al–Ce alloys. Ni/Sc/Zr and others provide Orowan strengthening by forming a precipitation phase, Mg/Mn, and so on. They provide solid-solution strengthening by strengthening the matrix phase with solid solution in the Al matrix. Fe/Si and others enhance load transfer by promoting uniform distribution of Al-Al11Ce3 eutectic phase, thereby improving the alloy's overall mechanical properties. In this paper, the microstructure, mechanical properties, and creep resistance of Al–Ce and Al–Ce–X alloys under as-cast and high-temperature conditions are reviewed. The changes in microstructure, properties, and creep resistance of different alloy systems at high temperatures were described, and the regulation of cerium and other alloying elements was discussed. Finally, the differences between additive manufacturing of Al–Ce alloy and casting processes are compared and analyzed, and the future development of Al–Ce heat-resistant aluminum alloy is projected.</p>