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<p>Barium titanate (BaTiO<sub>3</sub>), due to its exceptional dielectric and optoelectronic properties, is a popular contender for the fabrication of photodetectors, sensors, and photonic devices. BaTiO<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles exhibit size-dependent properties, enabling tunable optical and electrical behaviors that are important for improving the performance of optoelectronic devices. One of the significant challenges in the practical application of BaTiO<sub>3</sub> NPs is controlling their size, morphology, and crystallinity, which directly affect their optoelectronic properties. In this work, BaTiO<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles were fabricated by pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) based on a Q-switched 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser. PLAL is a simple, rapid technique to fabricate (monodisperse) nanoparticles via laser pulses focused on a BaTiO<sub>3</sub> target in a liquid medium. We investigated the effect of fluence on nanoparticle size, morphology, optical properties, and consequent performance of BaTiO<sub>3</sub>-based photodetectors by varying the laser fluence (76.3–128.3 J/cm<sup>2</sup>). The materials were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), UV-Vis spectroscopy, and current-voltage (I-V) measurements. We found that the increased laser fluence resulted in large particles with a smaller optical band gap (3.978–3.453 eV). This led to enhanced electrical conductivity and photoresponse. The photodetectors based on these nanoparticles show improved overall performance, with quantum efficiencies ranging from 1.2 to 9.2% at 350 nm and responsivities up to 0.067 A/W at 840 nm. These results illustrate the essential effects of laser fluence on nanoparticle characteristics and device operation. The findings from this research on BaTiO<sub>3</sub> synthesis deepen understanding of the optimization of producing high-performance photodetectors and other optoelectronic devices, which could potentially contribute to future generations of telecommunications, quantum computing, and remote sensing.</p>

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Effect of 1064-nm Laser Ablation on the Synthesis of Barium Titanate Nanoparticles Deposited on Porous Silicon for Photonic Detector Applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月16日

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  • Wand H. Mohammed,
  • Rabea Q. Nafil,
  • Uday M. Nayef,
  • Mohammed W. Muayad,
  • Laeth A. Hussein,
  • Hayder Mahmood Hameed

摘要

Barium titanate (BaTiO3), due to its exceptional dielectric and optoelectronic properties, is a popular contender for the fabrication of photodetectors, sensors, and photonic devices. BaTiO3 nanoparticles exhibit size-dependent properties, enabling tunable optical and electrical behaviors that are important for improving the performance of optoelectronic devices. One of the significant challenges in the practical application of BaTiO3 NPs is controlling their size, morphology, and crystallinity, which directly affect their optoelectronic properties. In this work, BaTiO3 nanoparticles were fabricated by pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) based on a Q-switched 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser. PLAL is a simple, rapid technique to fabricate (monodisperse) nanoparticles via laser pulses focused on a BaTiO3 target in a liquid medium. We investigated the effect of fluence on nanoparticle size, morphology, optical properties, and consequent performance of BaTiO3-based photodetectors by varying the laser fluence (76.3–128.3 J/cm2). The materials were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), UV-Vis spectroscopy, and current-voltage (I-V) measurements. We found that the increased laser fluence resulted in large particles with a smaller optical band gap (3.978–3.453 eV). This led to enhanced electrical conductivity and photoresponse. The photodetectors based on these nanoparticles show improved overall performance, with quantum efficiencies ranging from 1.2 to 9.2% at 350 nm and responsivities up to 0.067 A/W at 840 nm. These results illustrate the essential effects of laser fluence on nanoparticle characteristics and device operation. The findings from this research on BaTiO3 synthesis deepen understanding of the optimization of producing high-performance photodetectors and other optoelectronic devices, which could potentially contribute to future generations of telecommunications, quantum computing, and remote sensing.