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<p>Spontaneous combustion of coal gangue hills causes severe environmental pollution, necessitating highly efficient and eco-friendly grouting materials for fire suppression. This study developed a fully solid-waste-based grouting material with high fluidity and thermal resistance using circulating fluidized bed fly ash (CFBFA), red mud (RM), and steel slag (SS) as raw materials, with carbide slag (CS) as the alkali activator. By investigating the effects of the water-to-binder ratio (0.6–0.8) and curing temperature (20–80°C), we found that a ratio of 0.6 provided the optimal balance of high fluidity (&gt;&#xa0;200&#xa0;mm), low precipitation rate (&lt;&#xa0;5%), and controllable setting time (2.5–5&#xa0;h). While elevated temperatures accelerated setting (e.g., to 3&#xa0;h at 60°C), they reduced long-term strength due to moisture loss. Microstructural analysis (XRD, SEM, TG-DTG) revealed that alkali activation promoted the formation of ettringite and C-(A)-S-H gel, creating a dense matrix. The material demonstrated <i>a</i> &gt; 95% encapsulation rate in cold-state diffusion tests and exhibited exceptional fire-extinguishing performance in thermal tests, rapidly cooling high-temperature coal (305°C) to 54.1°C within 60&#xa0;min with no re-ignition after 300&#xa0;min.</p>

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Fire Suppression Mechanism of All-Solid-Waste Grouting Material for Preventing Self-Ignition of Coal Gangue Mountains

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月12日

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  • Yang Bai,
  • Guoju Ke,
  • Lijun Li

摘要

Spontaneous combustion of coal gangue hills causes severe environmental pollution, necessitating highly efficient and eco-friendly grouting materials for fire suppression. This study developed a fully solid-waste-based grouting material with high fluidity and thermal resistance using circulating fluidized bed fly ash (CFBFA), red mud (RM), and steel slag (SS) as raw materials, with carbide slag (CS) as the alkali activator. By investigating the effects of the water-to-binder ratio (0.6–0.8) and curing temperature (20–80°C), we found that a ratio of 0.6 provided the optimal balance of high fluidity (> 200 mm), low precipitation rate (< 5%), and controllable setting time (2.5–5 h). While elevated temperatures accelerated setting (e.g., to 3 h at 60°C), they reduced long-term strength due to moisture loss. Microstructural analysis (XRD, SEM, TG-DTG) revealed that alkali activation promoted the formation of ettringite and C-(A)-S-H gel, creating a dense matrix. The material demonstrated a > 95% encapsulation rate in cold-state diffusion tests and exhibited exceptional fire-extinguishing performance in thermal tests, rapidly cooling high-temperature coal (305°C) to 54.1°C within 60 min with no re-ignition after 300 min.