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<p>Vanadium–titanium magnetite (VTM) typically exhibits poor bed consolidation and unfavorable mineral-phase development during sintering. Oxygen-enriched sintering improves thermal conditions, accelerates oxidation kinetics, and optimizes the mineral-phase assemblage. This study evaluated the effects of oxygen enrichment applied during the heating stage, the cooling stage, and across the full process on VTM-sinter performance. Infrared thermography, X-ray diffraction (XRD), reflected-light mineral microscopy, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (FE-SEM/EDS) were used to relate oxygen-potential distributions to mineralogy and metallurgical properties. Oxygen enrichment during heating narrowed the combustion zone, concentrated the heat flux, and accelerated liquid-phase formation, yielding a sintering productivity (utilization coefficient) of 2.37 t/(m<sup>2</sup>·h). It also promoted the formation of dense, acicular silico-ferrite of calcium and aluminum (SFCA), strengthening the bonding phase and thereby improving sinter strength and the low-temperature reduction-degradation index (RDI). By contrast, oxygen enrichment during cooling or throughout the process increased perovskite (CaTiO<sub>3</sub>), produced skeletal hematite (Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>), and induced microcracking and porosity, thereby weakening the bonding phase and worsening RDI. Overall, oxygen enrichment confined to the heating stage was the most effective strategy for simultaneously improving VTM-sinter quality and process efficiency.</p>

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Stepwise Oxygen-Enriched Sintering of Vanadium-Titanium Magnetite: Linking Oxygen Potential Distribution, Mineral Phases Evolution, and Metallurgical Properties

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月12日

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  • Hao Liu,
  • Xinyue Liu,
  • Wen Hu,
  • Zipeng Dou,
  • Lu Yang,
  • Liming Ma

摘要

Vanadium–titanium magnetite (VTM) typically exhibits poor bed consolidation and unfavorable mineral-phase development during sintering. Oxygen-enriched sintering improves thermal conditions, accelerates oxidation kinetics, and optimizes the mineral-phase assemblage. This study evaluated the effects of oxygen enrichment applied during the heating stage, the cooling stage, and across the full process on VTM-sinter performance. Infrared thermography, X-ray diffraction (XRD), reflected-light mineral microscopy, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (FE-SEM/EDS) were used to relate oxygen-potential distributions to mineralogy and metallurgical properties. Oxygen enrichment during heating narrowed the combustion zone, concentrated the heat flux, and accelerated liquid-phase formation, yielding a sintering productivity (utilization coefficient) of 2.37 t/(m2·h). It also promoted the formation of dense, acicular silico-ferrite of calcium and aluminum (SFCA), strengthening the bonding phase and thereby improving sinter strength and the low-temperature reduction-degradation index (RDI). By contrast, oxygen enrichment during cooling or throughout the process increased perovskite (CaTiO3), produced skeletal hematite (Fe2O3), and induced microcracking and porosity, thereby weakening the bonding phase and worsening RDI. Overall, oxygen enrichment confined to the heating stage was the most effective strategy for simultaneously improving VTM-sinter quality and process efficiency.