<p>Zirconia, also known as zirconium oxide (ZrO₂), is a ceramic material used in various industries because of its remarkable properties and versatility. This review study thoroughly examines the developments and uses of zirconium oxide-based materials in electronics, biomedicine, photocatalysis, luminescence, and biodiesel production. Advanced phosphors and scintillators have been developed utilizing zirconia’s unique optical properties, including its high refractive index and exceptional transparency, which significantly enhance their performance in lighting and imaging technologies. The study examines the doping techniques and production procedures employed to optimize zirconia’s luminescent properties. Zirconia’s photocatalytic activity has been thoroughly investigated for environmental cleanup, especially when doped with additional elements or coupled with other semiconductors. The mechanisms of photocatalysis, zirconia’s function in promoting photodegradation processes, and its uses in water purification are highlighted in this paper. Zirconia is preferred for orthopedic and dental implants because of its mechanical strength, biocompatibility, and cosmetic appeal. This study covers the most recent advancements in zirconia-based biomaterials, including surface modifications and hybrid composites that enhance their functionality and promote biological tissue integration. Their reusability and catalytic activity make zirconium-based materials attractive for green fuel technologies, such as biodiesel production.</p>