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<p>Under open-air stockpiling, heavy metals (HMs) in mineral metallurgical residues are released via weathering and rainwater leaching. Clarifying their environmental release behavior and control mechanisms is urgent for resource recovery and risk mitigation. This study used Tessier five-step sequential extraction, dynamic column leaching, Automatic Mineral Identification and Characterization System (AMICS) mineral mapping and XPS to explore pH-sensitive mechanisms of HM release and mineral interfacial kinetics in high-silica nickel slag (HSNS). The results showed that 51.08% of Cu existed in mobile and potentially mobile forms. Moreover, the exchangeable fraction of Cu increased significantly with changes in leaching pH. A logarithmic time-cumulative release kinetic model revealed mechanism differentiation characterized by mineral dissolution-dominated processes under acidic conditions versus surface desorption-controlled pathways in neutral environments. XPS analysis showed that the proportion of C-O bonds in the slag increased by 41.47% after leaching. This increase promotes the migration of HMs through complexation. Meanwhile, the reduced Fe<sup>3+</sup>/Fe<sup>2+</sup> ratio activates redox-sensitive elements. Dynamic leaching tests indicated that the cumulative release of HMs exceeded China’s Class V surface water standards by 3–40 times. Among all HMs, Cu posed the highest environmental risk. These findings support HSNS stockpile intelligent containment and nickel metallurgical solid waste risk control.</p>

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Multiphase Interfacial Release Dynamics and Threshold-Triggered Risk Mechanisms of Heavy Metals in High-Silica Nickel Slag

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月8日

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  • Jin Yan,
  • Chenchen Li,
  • Hanjing Yu,
  • Wanquan Yu,
  • Huiying Kan,
  • Xinyu Zhou,
  • Qi Meng,
  • Yingjie Zhang,
  • Peng Dong

摘要

Under open-air stockpiling, heavy metals (HMs) in mineral metallurgical residues are released via weathering and rainwater leaching. Clarifying their environmental release behavior and control mechanisms is urgent for resource recovery and risk mitigation. This study used Tessier five-step sequential extraction, dynamic column leaching, Automatic Mineral Identification and Characterization System (AMICS) mineral mapping and XPS to explore pH-sensitive mechanisms of HM release and mineral interfacial kinetics in high-silica nickel slag (HSNS). The results showed that 51.08% of Cu existed in mobile and potentially mobile forms. Moreover, the exchangeable fraction of Cu increased significantly with changes in leaching pH. A logarithmic time-cumulative release kinetic model revealed mechanism differentiation characterized by mineral dissolution-dominated processes under acidic conditions versus surface desorption-controlled pathways in neutral environments. XPS analysis showed that the proportion of C-O bonds in the slag increased by 41.47% after leaching. This increase promotes the migration of HMs through complexation. Meanwhile, the reduced Fe3+/Fe2+ ratio activates redox-sensitive elements. Dynamic leaching tests indicated that the cumulative release of HMs exceeded China’s Class V surface water standards by 3–40 times. Among all HMs, Cu posed the highest environmental risk. These findings support HSNS stockpile intelligent containment and nickel metallurgical solid waste risk control.