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<p>Sustainable industrial practices are essential for reducing waste and promoting recycling. Conventional tungsten particle synthesis involves reduction of WO<sub>3</sub> by H<sub>2</sub>. This study introduces a novel method using waste polyethylene (PE) as a sustainable reducing agent. WO<sub>3</sub> and waste PE were placed in separate zones of a dual-zone furnace. Gaseous species (e.g., H<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub>) generated by PE pyrolysis during heating from 670&#xa0;K to 800&#xa0;K were carried by Ar to WO<sub>3</sub> bed at 1300&#xa0;K. The reduction behavior of WO<sub>3</sub> was studied as a function of reactant mass ratio (mPE/mWO<sub>3</sub>). Thermodynamic calculations provided insights into the reduction behavior. Product characterization involved mass measurements, SEM, and XRD analyses. The results showed that the extent of WO<sub>3</sub> reduction increased with the ratio. WO<sub>2</sub>+W, W, and W+WC phases were formed at 0.25, 1, and higher ratios, respectively. Particle coarsening occurred with increasing ratio. A minor W loss to the gas phase, likely as WO<sub>2</sub>(OH)<sub>2</sub>, was predicted thermodynamically. The sequential formation of WO<sub>2</sub>, W, and WC with increasing ratio matched the theoretical predictions. This study demonstrates the feasibility of reducing WO<sub>3</sub> to W using sustainable waste PE, contributing to resource recovery and green metallurgy.</p>

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A Novel Synthesis Process for W Particles

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月3日

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  • Goktug Tore,
  • Melek Cumbul Altay,
  • Serafettin Eroglu

摘要

Sustainable industrial practices are essential for reducing waste and promoting recycling. Conventional tungsten particle synthesis involves reduction of WO3 by H2. This study introduces a novel method using waste polyethylene (PE) as a sustainable reducing agent. WO3 and waste PE were placed in separate zones of a dual-zone furnace. Gaseous species (e.g., H2 and CH4) generated by PE pyrolysis during heating from 670 K to 800 K were carried by Ar to WO3 bed at 1300 K. The reduction behavior of WO3 was studied as a function of reactant mass ratio (mPE/mWO3). Thermodynamic calculations provided insights into the reduction behavior. Product characterization involved mass measurements, SEM, and XRD analyses. The results showed that the extent of WO3 reduction increased with the ratio. WO2+W, W, and W+WC phases were formed at 0.25, 1, and higher ratios, respectively. Particle coarsening occurred with increasing ratio. A minor W loss to the gas phase, likely as WO2(OH)2, was predicted thermodynamically. The sequential formation of WO2, W, and WC with increasing ratio matched the theoretical predictions. This study demonstrates the feasibility of reducing WO3 to W using sustainable waste PE, contributing to resource recovery and green metallurgy.