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<p>Cerium conversion coatings (Ce CCs) modified by copper and manganese cations were applied to a galvanized steel substrate. In order to investigate the effect of copper and manganese cations on the microstructure and composition of Ce CCs, copper and manganese sulfates were added to the Ce CC bath. The microstructure and composition of the specimens were analyzed by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to investigate the corrosion behavior of the coatings. The EIS data indicate that the corrosion resistance of the coatings is enhanced in the presence of Cu and Mn additives. AFM results showed a significant decrease in surface roughness from 75&#xa0;nm in unmodified Ce CC to 20&#xa0;nm (Ce CC + Mn) and 13&#xa0;nm (Ce CC + Cu), which confirms the surface uniformity improvement. XPS analysis revealed an increase in Ce–O content from 10% (Ce CC) to 27% (Ce CC + Cu) and 20% (Ce CC + Mn). This improvement is related to more stable oxide formation. These findings highlight that Cu and Mn increased the corrosion resistance of galvanized steel by improving Ce CCs as an environmentally friendly treatment method.</p>

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Effects of Cu and Mn Cations on Cerium Conversion Coatings on Galvanized Steel: Surface and Compositional Analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月8日

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  • Farzaneh Khast,
  • Mohammadhassan Badihehaghdam,
  • Mesbah Saybani

摘要

Cerium conversion coatings (Ce CCs) modified by copper and manganese cations were applied to a galvanized steel substrate. In order to investigate the effect of copper and manganese cations on the microstructure and composition of Ce CCs, copper and manganese sulfates were added to the Ce CC bath. The microstructure and composition of the specimens were analyzed by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to investigate the corrosion behavior of the coatings. The EIS data indicate that the corrosion resistance of the coatings is enhanced in the presence of Cu and Mn additives. AFM results showed a significant decrease in surface roughness from 75 nm in unmodified Ce CC to 20 nm (Ce CC + Mn) and 13 nm (Ce CC + Cu), which confirms the surface uniformity improvement. XPS analysis revealed an increase in Ce–O content from 10% (Ce CC) to 27% (Ce CC + Cu) and 20% (Ce CC + Mn). This improvement is related to more stable oxide formation. These findings highlight that Cu and Mn increased the corrosion resistance of galvanized steel by improving Ce CCs as an environmentally friendly treatment method.