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<p>This study investigates the impact of Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> on the structural, optical, and gamma-ray shielding properties of (60 − <i>x</i>) P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>-37PbO<sub>2</sub>-3As<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-<i>x</i>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> glass systems, where <i>x</i> = 0, 0.5, 1, 3, and 5, synthesized via the melt-quenching technique. Increasing Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> content led to higher density (5.11–5.93 g/cm<sup>3</sup>) and reduced molar volume (35.18–30.42 cm<sup>3</sup>/mol), along with rising electronegativity, bond density, and field strength. Concurrently, bond ionicity and polaron radius decreased. Optical measurements revealed a notable decrease in band gap (from 4.24 eV to 2.72 eV) and an increase in refractive index (from 2.09 to 2.51), attributed to Fe<sup>3+</sup>-induced localized states and enhanced polarizability. Gamma-ray shielding efficiency was assessed using EpiXS and Phy-X software. Parameters such as LAC, HVL, MFP, <i>Z</i><sub>eff</sub>, <i>N</i><sub>eff</sub>, EBF, EABF, and FRNCS were evaluated. Among all the samples, PPAFe5 (5 mol.% Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) exhibited the highest mass attenuation coefficient, indicating the strongest radiation shielding capability. The MAC followed the order: PPAFe0 &lt; PPAFe0.5 &lt; PPAFe1 &lt; PPAFe3 &lt; PPAFe5. These results demonstrate that Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> doping enhances both optical and shielding performance, making PPAFe5 a promising candidate for photonic devices and radiation protection applications.</p>

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Impact of Fe2O3 on Structural Properties, Nonlinear Optical Behavior, and Radiation Shielding Efficiency of Lead Phosphate Glasses

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月6日

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  • Dalal Abdullah Aloraini,
  • Aljawhara Almuqrin,
  • Badriah Albarzan,
  • Kh. S. Shaaban,
  • E. A. Abdel Wahab

摘要

This study investigates the impact of Fe2O3 on the structural, optical, and gamma-ray shielding properties of (60 − x) P2O5-37PbO2-3As2O3-xFe2O3 glass systems, where x = 0, 0.5, 1, 3, and 5, synthesized via the melt-quenching technique. Increasing Fe2O3 content led to higher density (5.11–5.93 g/cm3) and reduced molar volume (35.18–30.42 cm3/mol), along with rising electronegativity, bond density, and field strength. Concurrently, bond ionicity and polaron radius decreased. Optical measurements revealed a notable decrease in band gap (from 4.24 eV to 2.72 eV) and an increase in refractive index (from 2.09 to 2.51), attributed to Fe3+-induced localized states and enhanced polarizability. Gamma-ray shielding efficiency was assessed using EpiXS and Phy-X software. Parameters such as LAC, HVL, MFP, Zeff, Neff, EBF, EABF, and FRNCS were evaluated. Among all the samples, PPAFe5 (5 mol.% Fe2O3) exhibited the highest mass attenuation coefficient, indicating the strongest radiation shielding capability. The MAC followed the order: PPAFe0 < PPAFe0.5 < PPAFe1 < PPAFe3 < PPAFe5. These results demonstrate that Fe2O3 doping enhances both optical and shielding performance, making PPAFe5 a promising candidate for photonic devices and radiation protection applications.