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<p>A graphene oxide (GO)–neodymium oxide (Nd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) composite was successfully synthesized using the sonochemical method. To enhance the efficiency of the composite formation during ultrasonication, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide was added as a surfactant. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed diffraction peaks at 2θ values of 12°, 15°, 27°, 28°, 30°, 40°, 47°, 49°, 56°, 65°, and 79°, indicating the crystalline structure of the composite. Raman spectroscopy showed characteristic 2D and D + D′ bands, confirming the presence of graphene oxide. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) detected peaks at 2850&#xa0;cm<sup>−1</sup> and 2925&#xa0;cm<sup>−1</sup>, corresponding to C–H stretching vibrations. Wide-scan X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the presence of neodymium (Nd<sup>3+</sup>), and a high-resolution narrow scan of the Nd 3d region revealed distinct Nd 3d<sub>5</sub>/<sub>2</sub> and Nd 3d<sub>3</sub>/<sub>2</sub> peaks. Field emission scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that Nd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> particles were well dispersed and adhered to the GO surface. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy further confirmed the presence of neodymium in the composite. Electrochemical measurements showed that the specific capacitance reached 532 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g. After 10000 charge-discharge cycles, the composite retained 91% of its capacitance, indicating excellent cycling stability. Nyquist plots recorded before and after cycling revealed near-vertical lines, and the resistance values remained low and stable, showing no significant performance degradation.</p>

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Graphene Oxide with Neodymium Oxide Composite Using Sonochemical Method as Electrode Material for Supercapacitor

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月28日

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  • Amru Daulay,
  • Widi Astuti,
  • Agus Saptoro,
  • Ferian Anggara,
  • Gde Pandhe Wisnu Suyantara,
  • Himawan Tri Bayu Murti Petrus

摘要

A graphene oxide (GO)–neodymium oxide (Nd2O3) composite was successfully synthesized using the sonochemical method. To enhance the efficiency of the composite formation during ultrasonication, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide was added as a surfactant. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed diffraction peaks at 2θ values of 12°, 15°, 27°, 28°, 30°, 40°, 47°, 49°, 56°, 65°, and 79°, indicating the crystalline structure of the composite. Raman spectroscopy showed characteristic 2D and D + D′ bands, confirming the presence of graphene oxide. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) detected peaks at 2850 cm−1 and 2925 cm−1, corresponding to C–H stretching vibrations. Wide-scan X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the presence of neodymium (Nd3+), and a high-resolution narrow scan of the Nd 3d region revealed distinct Nd 3d5/2 and Nd 3d3/2 peaks. Field emission scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that Nd2O3 particles were well dispersed and adhered to the GO surface. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy further confirmed the presence of neodymium in the composite. Electrochemical measurements showed that the specific capacitance reached 532 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g. After 10000 charge-discharge cycles, the composite retained 91% of its capacitance, indicating excellent cycling stability. Nyquist plots recorded before and after cycling revealed near-vertical lines, and the resistance values remained low and stable, showing no significant performance degradation.