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<p>Chalcopyrite (CuFeS<sub>2</sub>) is one of the most abundant copper-bearing minerals, yet its leaching remains challenging because of its refractory nature, primarily caused by sulfur passivation, sluggish reaction kinetics, and surface oxidation. These factors significantly hinder copper extraction in conventional sulfate media. This study introduces a novel two-stage mechanical activation method, termed continuous milling (CM), which integrates dry milling (DM) and moist milling (MM) to enhance copper leaching efficiency. The approach leverages DM to induce microstructural changes and MM to increase specific surface area, thereby optimizing the leaching process. Through comprehensive characterizations of particle size distribution (PSD), specific surface area, amorphization degree, and mechanical activation degree, we establish the dominant role of mechanical activation in improving copper dissolution. In the H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>-NaCl leaching system, CM outperforms traditional activation methods, achieving a 96.03% copper extraction rate after 4&#xa0;h leaching, representing a 21.2-fold increase over non-activated samples and a 1.3-fold improvement over ore samples activated solely by DM. The addition of NaCl further facilitates leaching by suppressing passivation film formation. This study not only demonstrates the efficacy of CM as an advanced activation strategy for refractory copper ores but also highlights its potential for sustainable hydrometallurgical processing using seawater.</p>

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Enhanced Copper Leaching from Chalcopyrite Via Co-milling Activation in a Sulfuric Acid System with Chloride-Rich Wastewater

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月29日

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  • Suxing Zhao,
  • Hongying Yang,
  • Gairong Wang,
  • Jianing Xu,
  • Lanjie Li,
  • Yanhua Liu

摘要

Chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) is one of the most abundant copper-bearing minerals, yet its leaching remains challenging because of its refractory nature, primarily caused by sulfur passivation, sluggish reaction kinetics, and surface oxidation. These factors significantly hinder copper extraction in conventional sulfate media. This study introduces a novel two-stage mechanical activation method, termed continuous milling (CM), which integrates dry milling (DM) and moist milling (MM) to enhance copper leaching efficiency. The approach leverages DM to induce microstructural changes and MM to increase specific surface area, thereby optimizing the leaching process. Through comprehensive characterizations of particle size distribution (PSD), specific surface area, amorphization degree, and mechanical activation degree, we establish the dominant role of mechanical activation in improving copper dissolution. In the H2SO4-NaCl leaching system, CM outperforms traditional activation methods, achieving a 96.03% copper extraction rate after 4 h leaching, representing a 21.2-fold increase over non-activated samples and a 1.3-fold improvement over ore samples activated solely by DM. The addition of NaCl further facilitates leaching by suppressing passivation film formation. This study not only demonstrates the efficacy of CM as an advanced activation strategy for refractory copper ores but also highlights its potential for sustainable hydrometallurgical processing using seawater.