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<p>Brake pads are essential components in automotive braking systems, ensuring vehicle safety through controlled deceleration. Conventional brake pads contain asbestos and heavy metals, posing significant health and environmental risks. There is a growing demand for eco-friendly brake pad alternatives that maintain or improve performance while minimizing environmental impact. This study investigates the development of eco-friendly brake pads using oil residues from coconut oil residue (COR), sesame oil residue (SOR), groundnut oil residue (GOR), and a combination of these (CGS) reinforced with an epoxy resin matrix at a 30:70 ratio. Mechanical evaluations demonstrated tensile strengths of 11&#xa0;MPa (COR), 22&#xa0;MPa (GOR), 17&#xa0;MPa (SOR), and 12&#xa0;MPa (CGS). Wear analysis indicated the lowest wear loss for COR (0.002&#xa0;g) and CGS (0.003&#xa0;g), while GOR had the highest (0.025&#xa0;g). Hardness values ranged from 27 HRM (SOR) to 41 HRM (CGS), demonstrating variations in structural integrity. Flexural strength results showed GOR had the highest (100&#xa0;MPa), while CGS had the lowest (66.7&#xa0;MPa). Water absorption analysis revealed CGS had the highest moisture uptake (6.69%), whereas SOR had the least (0.57%). Biodegradation studies indicated weight loss percentages of 3.31% (COR), 13.88% (GOR), 2.51% (SOR), and 4.53% (CGS), with GOR exhibiting the highest degradation rate. SEM analysis revealed that rougher surfaces in GOR and CGS influenced wear resistance, while spectroscopy confirmed higher microbial degradation for GOR. Time-dependent wear tests showed COR maintained stable frictional force, whereas GOR exhibited significant fluctuations, affecting braking performance. TG/DTA analysis confirmed CGS had the highest thermal stability, while GOR degraded rapidly at higher temperatures. These findings suggest that oil residue-based brake pads can balance durability, performance, and biodegradability, highlighting its potential as an effective reinforcement material in brake pad applications.</p>

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Comparative Study of Oil Residues as Brake Pad Materials: Evaluating Mechanical Characteristics and Environmental Sustainability

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月6日

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  • M. Sunil Kumar Hemanth,
  • J. Edwin Raja Dhas,
  • K. Anton Savio Lewise

摘要

Brake pads are essential components in automotive braking systems, ensuring vehicle safety through controlled deceleration. Conventional brake pads contain asbestos and heavy metals, posing significant health and environmental risks. There is a growing demand for eco-friendly brake pad alternatives that maintain or improve performance while minimizing environmental impact. This study investigates the development of eco-friendly brake pads using oil residues from coconut oil residue (COR), sesame oil residue (SOR), groundnut oil residue (GOR), and a combination of these (CGS) reinforced with an epoxy resin matrix at a 30:70 ratio. Mechanical evaluations demonstrated tensile strengths of 11 MPa (COR), 22 MPa (GOR), 17 MPa (SOR), and 12 MPa (CGS). Wear analysis indicated the lowest wear loss for COR (0.002 g) and CGS (0.003 g), while GOR had the highest (0.025 g). Hardness values ranged from 27 HRM (SOR) to 41 HRM (CGS), demonstrating variations in structural integrity. Flexural strength results showed GOR had the highest (100 MPa), while CGS had the lowest (66.7 MPa). Water absorption analysis revealed CGS had the highest moisture uptake (6.69%), whereas SOR had the least (0.57%). Biodegradation studies indicated weight loss percentages of 3.31% (COR), 13.88% (GOR), 2.51% (SOR), and 4.53% (CGS), with GOR exhibiting the highest degradation rate. SEM analysis revealed that rougher surfaces in GOR and CGS influenced wear resistance, while spectroscopy confirmed higher microbial degradation for GOR. Time-dependent wear tests showed COR maintained stable frictional force, whereas GOR exhibited significant fluctuations, affecting braking performance. TG/DTA analysis confirmed CGS had the highest thermal stability, while GOR degraded rapidly at higher temperatures. These findings suggest that oil residue-based brake pads can balance durability, performance, and biodegradability, highlighting its potential as an effective reinforcement material in brake pad applications.