<p>Fluorite (CaF₂) is a valuable mineral resource with a diverse range of applications in metallurgy, the chemical industry, construction materials and other related fields. Furthermore, fluorite is the primary mineral used to extract elemental fluorine (F), which is a critical element in various industries due to its unique chemical structure and properties. Fluorine is used in several applications, including the production of hydrofluoric acid, refrigerants, pharmaceuticals and materials for energy storage. In recent years, as global demand for fluorite has increased significantly, many countries have identified it as a strategic mineral resource. Moreover, with the rapid development of the high-end fine fluorine chemical industry, the separation and purification of fluorite has received increased attention, and significant development and progress have been made in the mineral processing and extraction technologies. This article provides a comprehensive review of the crystal structure and color mechanisms of fluorite as well as the latest advancements in the separation and purification techniques. The aim is to provide a valuable reference for improving fluorite separation efficiency.</p>