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<p>This study examined the effects of laser processing conditions on the evolution of microstructure and phase fractions in HT9 ferritic/martensitic (F/M) steels fabricated using laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) and laser-directed energy deposition (L-DED). Electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) micrographs of the cross-sections of the laser-processed builds showed the presence of <i>α</i>-ferrite, <i>α</i>′-martensite, and retained austenite (<i>γ</i>). Distinct differences were observed in the <i>γ</i> phase fraction between the L-PBF and L-DED microstructures. To correlate the observed phase fractions with process-induced thermokinetic effects, a multiscale multiphysics thermal model was used. The modeling results confirmed the experimental data and provided insight into the relationship between temperature changes during processing and phase evolution in HT9 steel.</p>

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Processing Conditions Dependent Evolution of Microstructure in Laser Additive Manufactured HT-9 Ferritic Martensitic Steel

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月13日

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  • Madhavan Radhakrishnan,
  • Shashank Sharma,
  • Selvamurugan Palaniappan,
  • K. N. Chaithanya Kumar,
  • Krishna Kamlesh Verma,
  • Narendra B. Dahotre

摘要

This study examined the effects of laser processing conditions on the evolution of microstructure and phase fractions in HT9 ferritic/martensitic (F/M) steels fabricated using laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) and laser-directed energy deposition (L-DED). Electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) micrographs of the cross-sections of the laser-processed builds showed the presence of α-ferrite, α′-martensite, and retained austenite (γ). Distinct differences were observed in the γ phase fraction between the L-PBF and L-DED microstructures. To correlate the observed phase fractions with process-induced thermokinetic effects, a multiscale multiphysics thermal model was used. The modeling results confirmed the experimental data and provided insight into the relationship between temperature changes during processing and phase evolution in HT9 steel.