<p>Critical minerals are crucial for energy transition and for the success of commercialization of hydro power, wind turbines, and photovoltaic panels. The increasing demand puts pressure on the search for new sources, including new mining sites, tailings, and urban solid wastes. Membrane-based separation is well-stated for water desalination and wastewater treatment. Recently, the search for new processes to recover critical minerals in aqueous processing has shed light on its potential application. Electrodialysis has demonstrated a mature electrochemical separation technique, while supported liquid membranes have great potential for future developments. Membrane cost represents the main drawback, and for this reason new materials are under development including synthesis for a specific critical mineral, such as Li and rare earth elements.</p>