<p>Design for additive manufacturing (DfAM) enables the creation of complex geometries that are difficult to achieve with traditional manufacturing methods. The process starts with a digitized 3D model, typically in stereolithography (STL) format. This paper explores errors during STL file conversion and their implications. A key aspect of DfAM is optimizing support structures, which stabilize the build but may increase material use and costs. Adjusting geometry or orientation can reduce support structures, enhancing build efficiency. The paper reviews various support structure types and the geometric limitations of different AM processes. DfAM also facilitates the creation of lightweight components through topology optimization (TO), lattice structures, and using lightweight materials, improving performance and cost-efficiency. TO geometry often requires support structures, but applying overhangs as a manufacturing constraint can minimize them. DfAM also enables the customization of products, catering to specific needs in industries like healthcare and consumer goods. The paper highlights ASTM and ISO standards that govern the AM process, ensuring consistency and reliability, as well as the challenges and limitations of DfAM. Finally, a case study on a bearing bracket illustrates DfAM techniques, including a cost analysis emphasizing the impact of weight on overall costs.</p>

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Design for Additive Manufacturing (DfAM): A Comprehensive Review with Case Study Insights

  • Sreekanth Asapu,
  • Ravi Kumar Y.

摘要

Design for additive manufacturing (DfAM) enables the creation of complex geometries that are difficult to achieve with traditional manufacturing methods. The process starts with a digitized 3D model, typically in stereolithography (STL) format. This paper explores errors during STL file conversion and their implications. A key aspect of DfAM is optimizing support structures, which stabilize the build but may increase material use and costs. Adjusting geometry or orientation can reduce support structures, enhancing build efficiency. The paper reviews various support structure types and the geometric limitations of different AM processes. DfAM also facilitates the creation of lightweight components through topology optimization (TO), lattice structures, and using lightweight materials, improving performance and cost-efficiency. TO geometry often requires support structures, but applying overhangs as a manufacturing constraint can minimize them. DfAM also enables the customization of products, catering to specific needs in industries like healthcare and consumer goods. The paper highlights ASTM and ISO standards that govern the AM process, ensuring consistency and reliability, as well as the challenges and limitations of DfAM. Finally, a case study on a bearing bracket illustrates DfAM techniques, including a cost analysis emphasizing the impact of weight on overall costs.