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<p>The multipopulation approach in metaheuristics is an effective strategy for improving diversity preservation, exploration–exploitation balance, and solution quality in complex optimization problems. The last comprehensive survey on this topic was published in 2019; however, substantial advancements have been reported since then. Therefore, to provide an updated and systematic overview, this study presents a systematic literature review based on PRISMA methodology of 142 literature published between 2020 and 2026, selected from five scientific databases. To ensure methodological rigor and reliability of the included literature, each study was assessed using the quality assessment protocol by Kitchenham and Charters. This study adopts a multi-criteria perspective by studying literature on Design&amp; Execution, Communication &amp; Operators, and Evaluation &amp; Reproducibility aspects, divided into twelve classification criteria. The study has tried to cover all aspects of multipopulation that have not been addressed in earlier surveys such as design complexity, reproducibility, communication nuances, problem-solving ability, etc. Additionally, the survey identifies open challenges observed during the review process, thereby providing structured guidance and future research directions for advancing the field.</p>

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A Multi-Criteria Systematic Review on Multipopulation Techniques in Metaheuristics

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月28日

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  • Deepika Kaushik,
  • Mohammad Nadeem

摘要

The multipopulation approach in metaheuristics is an effective strategy for improving diversity preservation, exploration–exploitation balance, and solution quality in complex optimization problems. The last comprehensive survey on this topic was published in 2019; however, substantial advancements have been reported since then. Therefore, to provide an updated and systematic overview, this study presents a systematic literature review based on PRISMA methodology of 142 literature published between 2020 and 2026, selected from five scientific databases. To ensure methodological rigor and reliability of the included literature, each study was assessed using the quality assessment protocol by Kitchenham and Charters. This study adopts a multi-criteria perspective by studying literature on Design& Execution, Communication & Operators, and Evaluation & Reproducibility aspects, divided into twelve classification criteria. The study has tried to cover all aspects of multipopulation that have not been addressed in earlier surveys such as design complexity, reproducibility, communication nuances, problem-solving ability, etc. Additionally, the survey identifies open challenges observed during the review process, thereby providing structured guidance and future research directions for advancing the field.