<p>Quantum computing is increasingly proposed as a pathway for addressing computationally demanding problems in intelligent transportation systems, yet the field still lacks a rigorous, evidence-grounded assessment of its scientific progress, methodological maturity, and translational readiness. This paper presents an integrated bibliometric and qualitative systematic review of 108 Scopus-indexed peer-reviewed publications from 2014 to 2025, covering applications in traffic optimization, vehicle routing, demand forecasting, vehicular communication security, and autonomous vehicle intelligence. The study combines bibliometric performance analysis and science mapping with a structured qualitative synthesis of 27 representative studies evaluated through a four-dimension framework covering baseline fairness, problem scale realism, reproducibility, and deployment practicality. The bibliometric results show rapidly accelerating publication activity, geographically concentrated output led by the United States, China, India, and the United Kingdom, pronounced institutional and venue fragmentation, and very limited direct participation by transportation agencies and infrastructure operators. Science mapping identifies four dominant thematic clusters: quantum optimization, quantum machine learning, post-quantum cryptography, and quantum communication. The qualitative synthesis shows that the field is expanding across promising application domains, but empirical maturity remains limited. Existing studies do not yet demonstrate rigorous quantum computational advantage under fair classical benchmarking, reproducible experimental conditions, and operationally realistic problem scales, while quantum-inspired classical metaheuristics may inflate perceptions of field maturity when not separated from genuine quantum computing implementations. Post-quantum cryptography emerges as the most deployment-ready quantum-related domain because it is a classical quantum-resistant security pathway, occupying Technology Readiness Levels 6–8. Quantum annealing remains less mature at Technology Readiness Levels 3–4, gate-based QAOA and quantum machine learning remain largely exploratory at Technology Readiness Levels 2–3, and quantum communication occupies Technology Readiness Levels 4–6 for fixed or controlled links. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this review provides the first comprehensive bibliometric mapping of the quantum-ITS intersection, an original multidimensional critical evaluation framework, and a prioritized roadmap organized across immediate, strategic, and long-term horizons. The findings offer evidence-based guidance for researchers, transportation agencies, and funding bodies seeking to distinguish near-term security priorities from longer-term quantum computing opportunities in intelligent transportation systems.</p>