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<p>A recently-developed category of structural materials, known as high-entropy alloys (HEAs), has attracted great attention among researchers due to their considerable mechanical, thermal, and even chemical durability. When it comes to strength-enhancing reinforcements in composites, the type of used reinforcing agents is crucial in controlling mechanical behavior and achieving the desired microstructure. In fact, designing diverse types of reinforcements such as carbides, oxides, intermetallics, and carbon-based nanomaterials has a significant impact on enhancing the ultimate performance of HEAs. Meanwhile, among different synthesis approaches, powder metallurgy (PM) has proved to be among the best methods for controlling the microstructure and composition, resulting in the formation of homogeneous particle dispersion in a refined microstructure. Hybrid reinforcements are engineered to enhance mechanical properties by engaging multiple strengthening mechanisms, such as Orowan strengthening and grain refining, leading to high ultimate compressive strength (UCS) and compressive yield strength (CYS) along with enhanced ductility and fracture resistance. To achieve synergistic reinforcing effects, future studies should focus on developing gradient and hybrid reinforcement systems that efficiently integrate carbonaceous nanostructures, oxides, and ceramics. Additionally, employing a mixture of various reinforcements such as carbides and oxides may yield complementary effects. Advancements in computer modeling and machine learning are recommended for optimizing processing conditions and reinforcement design, while in-situ characterization during high-temperature experiments is essential to understand the unique strengthening behaviors of different reinforcement types on the hardness of HEA composites. This review meticulously evaluated the important role of reinforcing types and their subsequent impacts on designing next-generation HEAs with customized microstructure, activating efficient strengthening mechanisms, and even enhancing the mechanical properties for various crucial applications such as aerospace, nuclear, and tooling.</p>

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Reinforcing High-Entropy Alloy Composites and Exploring the Impacts of Various Reinforcement Fillers on Microstructure and Mechanical Characterizations: A Comprehensive Review

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月23日

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  • Zary Adabavazeh,
  • Arghavan Goudarzi,
  • Babak Safaei

摘要

A recently-developed category of structural materials, known as high-entropy alloys (HEAs), has attracted great attention among researchers due to their considerable mechanical, thermal, and even chemical durability. When it comes to strength-enhancing reinforcements in composites, the type of used reinforcing agents is crucial in controlling mechanical behavior and achieving the desired microstructure. In fact, designing diverse types of reinforcements such as carbides, oxides, intermetallics, and carbon-based nanomaterials has a significant impact on enhancing the ultimate performance of HEAs. Meanwhile, among different synthesis approaches, powder metallurgy (PM) has proved to be among the best methods for controlling the microstructure and composition, resulting in the formation of homogeneous particle dispersion in a refined microstructure. Hybrid reinforcements are engineered to enhance mechanical properties by engaging multiple strengthening mechanisms, such as Orowan strengthening and grain refining, leading to high ultimate compressive strength (UCS) and compressive yield strength (CYS) along with enhanced ductility and fracture resistance. To achieve synergistic reinforcing effects, future studies should focus on developing gradient and hybrid reinforcement systems that efficiently integrate carbonaceous nanostructures, oxides, and ceramics. Additionally, employing a mixture of various reinforcements such as carbides and oxides may yield complementary effects. Advancements in computer modeling and machine learning are recommended for optimizing processing conditions and reinforcement design, while in-situ characterization during high-temperature experiments is essential to understand the unique strengthening behaviors of different reinforcement types on the hardness of HEA composites. This review meticulously evaluated the important role of reinforcing types and their subsequent impacts on designing next-generation HEAs with customized microstructure, activating efficient strengthening mechanisms, and even enhancing the mechanical properties for various crucial applications such as aerospace, nuclear, and tooling.