<p>Soil-structure interaction (SSI) is an important component of the seismic behaviour of structures, especially those supported on soft soils, but its implementation in design practice is inconsistent and generally deficient. In this extensive review of SSI modelling approaches, we integrate recent developments in earthquake engineering based on the state-of-the art concept of seismic resilience. On this regard, the present paper aims to make an in-depth state-of-the-art of the current research on seismic resilience for SSI cases, in order to identify the research gap that consists of a wide heterogeneity of approaches and investigations. The novelties of the paper consist of making a recognition of the various contributions that apply seismic resilience for SSI studies, analysing the methodologies employed to model SSI and resilience into unique framework, discussing the implications of SSI effects for seismic resilience and risk management, and suggesting future research directions. The study first outlines the basic mechanisms of SSI such as kinematic and inertial interaction effects, period elongation, and damping modification, showing from historical earthquake data that SSI effects can either be beneficial or detrimental depending on the conditions. A comparative assessment of international design codes (ASCE/SEI 7–16, Eurocode 8, JSCE, IS 1893) shows that there are significant inconsistencies in the provisions of SSI and a general lack of guidance for practical implementation. The study shows the diverse impact of SSI on different structural systems, highlighting the need to consider system-specific responses in the design. The paper concludes by identifying key research gaps in resilience-based assessments and design implementations. Key recommendations are given for researchers, practitioners, and code developers.</p>