<p>Human-driven habitat changes reshape ecological networks and threaten critical ecosystem services, such as pollination and biological control. Understanding how different functional groups respond to habitat modification is crucial for designing conservation strategies that sustain ecosystem functionality and are essential for sustainable agriculture. In this study, we evaluated how system type (agroecosystem vs. forest remnant) and functional group (pollinators vs. predators) influence the topology of floral visitor networks. We recorded 631 plant-floral visitor interactions by 33 bee species and 10 social wasp species across 52 plant species. Pollinators maintained consistent interaction frequencies across habitat types, while predators exhibited higher interaction frequencies in the agroecosystem. Networks in agroecosystems exhibited significantly higher nestedness, indicating a dominance of generalist interactions in simplified environments. In contrast, remnant forests supported greater modularity, reflecting more compartmentalized interaction structures. Functional group differences emerged through significant interactions with system type for connectance, modularity, and specialization, highlighting that the structural properties of networks depend on both habitat and the ecological role of floral visitors. Our findings reveal that floral visitor networks are shaped by habitat structure and the specific foraging behaviors and ecological roles of functional groups, implying caution regarding group-level differences in network properties. Therefore, conservation efforts must consider the distinct responses of pollinators and predators to landscape composition to safeguard ecosystem functionality and services.</p>

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Contrasting floral-visitor networks of pollinators and predators in adjacent agroecosystem and remnant forest

  • Emanuelle L. S. Brito,
  • Marcos Aragão,
  • Gilberto M. M. Santos

摘要

Human-driven habitat changes reshape ecological networks and threaten critical ecosystem services, such as pollination and biological control. Understanding how different functional groups respond to habitat modification is crucial for designing conservation strategies that sustain ecosystem functionality and are essential for sustainable agriculture. In this study, we evaluated how system type (agroecosystem vs. forest remnant) and functional group (pollinators vs. predators) influence the topology of floral visitor networks. We recorded 631 plant-floral visitor interactions by 33 bee species and 10 social wasp species across 52 plant species. Pollinators maintained consistent interaction frequencies across habitat types, while predators exhibited higher interaction frequencies in the agroecosystem. Networks in agroecosystems exhibited significantly higher nestedness, indicating a dominance of generalist interactions in simplified environments. In contrast, remnant forests supported greater modularity, reflecting more compartmentalized interaction structures. Functional group differences emerged through significant interactions with system type for connectance, modularity, and specialization, highlighting that the structural properties of networks depend on both habitat and the ecological role of floral visitors. Our findings reveal that floral visitor networks are shaped by habitat structure and the specific foraging behaviors and ecological roles of functional groups, implying caution regarding group-level differences in network properties. Therefore, conservation efforts must consider the distinct responses of pollinators and predators to landscape composition to safeguard ecosystem functionality and services.