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Background <p>Sleep disorders are common and have a&#xa0;significant impact on health, particularly mental health problems such as depression and anxiety. This study examines a&#xa0;possible mediating role of emotion regulation—particularly the two strategies of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression—in the relationship between sleep disturbances and symptoms of depression and anxiety.</p> Methods <p>A&#xa0;sample of 148&#xa0;individuals (57.4% women) was recruited from the <i>Poliklinische Institutsambulanz für Psychotherapie</i> of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz. The participants completed questionnaires to record insomnia, habitual use of the two emotion regulation strategies reappraisal and suppression (ERQ), and symptoms of depression (revised Beck Depression Inventory, BDI-II) and anxiety (brief symptom inventory, BSI). The data were analysed using Pearson correlations and mediation analyses.</p> Results <p>There was a&#xa0;significant positive correlation between the severity of insomnia and depressive (<i>r</i> = 0.483, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and anxiety symptoms (<i>r</i> = 0.353, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Higher insomnia correlated significantly negatively with use of the cognitive reappraisal emotion regulation strategy (<i>r</i> = −0.392, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and significantly positively with the expressive suppression strategy (<i>r</i> = 0.215, <i>p</i> = 0.009). The mediation analyses showed that the relationship between insomnia and depressive symptoms was partially mediated by cognitive reappraisal, while the relationship with anxiety symptoms was partially mediated by expressive suppression.</p> Conclusion <p>Emotion regulation plays a&#xa0;partially mediating role between insomnia and psychological symptoms. Integrative treatment approaches that address both sleep problems and difficulties in emotion regulation could more effectively treat depressive and anxiety-related symptoms and improve wellbeing. Further research is needed to develop targeted interventions.</p>

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The mediating role of emotion regulation in the link between insomnia and mental health: implications for depression and anxiety treatment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月2日

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  • Noura Matti,
  • Michael Witthöft,
  • Markus B. Specht

摘要

Background

Sleep disorders are common and have a significant impact on health, particularly mental health problems such as depression and anxiety. This study examines a possible mediating role of emotion regulation—particularly the two strategies of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression—in the relationship between sleep disturbances and symptoms of depression and anxiety.

Methods

A sample of 148 individuals (57.4% women) was recruited from the Poliklinische Institutsambulanz für Psychotherapie of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz. The participants completed questionnaires to record insomnia, habitual use of the two emotion regulation strategies reappraisal and suppression (ERQ), and symptoms of depression (revised Beck Depression Inventory, BDI-II) and anxiety (brief symptom inventory, BSI). The data were analysed using Pearson correlations and mediation analyses.

Results

There was a significant positive correlation between the severity of insomnia and depressive (r = 0.483, p < 0.001) and anxiety symptoms (r = 0.353, p < 0.001). Higher insomnia correlated significantly negatively with use of the cognitive reappraisal emotion regulation strategy (r = −0.392, p < 0.001) and significantly positively with the expressive suppression strategy (r = 0.215, p = 0.009). The mediation analyses showed that the relationship between insomnia and depressive symptoms was partially mediated by cognitive reappraisal, while the relationship with anxiety symptoms was partially mediated by expressive suppression.

Conclusion

Emotion regulation plays a partially mediating role between insomnia and psychological symptoms. Integrative treatment approaches that address both sleep problems and difficulties in emotion regulation could more effectively treat depressive and anxiety-related symptoms and improve wellbeing. Further research is needed to develop targeted interventions.