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<p>Phytochromes regulate diverse light-responsive processes in plants by interacting with signaling proteins, including phytochrome-interacting factors (PIFs), PIF-like factors (PILs), and long hypocotyl in far-red 1 (HFR1). In <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>, HFR1, a basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) transcription factor, inhibits seed germination by modulating the expression of gibberellin (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) pathway genes. This study reports the identification and characterization of <i>OsHFR1</i>, a rice (<i>Oryza sativa L.</i>) ortholog of <i>AtHFR1</i>. <i>OsHFR1</i> contains a conserved bHLH domain at its N-terminal region and is involved in light signaling. Expression analysis revealed that <i>OsHFR1</i> transcript levels were highest under far-red light. Functional studies showed that <i>oshfr1</i> mutants had significantly reduced chlorophyll and anthocyanin contents and lower germination rates under both white light and dark conditions compared to wild-type (WT) plants. Conversely, activation tagging lines (<i>OsHFR1-AT</i>) exhibited slightly enhanced germination rates under white light. Transcriptomic and qRT-PCR analyses indicated that <i>OsHFR1</i> promotes seed germination by upregulating GA biosynthesis genes (<i>OsGA3ox1</i>, <i>OsGAMYB</i>, and <i>OsAmylase</i>) and reducing ABA-related gene expression. Additionally, <i>OsHFR1</i> plays a role in modulating chlorophyll biosynthesis and photosynthetic pigment accumulation. These findings establish <i>OsHFR1</i> as a key regulator of light signaling, seed germination, and pigment biosynthesis in rice.</p>

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Regulation of seed germination by light-responsive OsHFR1 in rice

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月22日

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  • Eunjung Lee,
  • Md. Amir Hossain,
  • Phun Bum Park,
  • Ryoung Shin

摘要

Phytochromes regulate diverse light-responsive processes in plants by interacting with signaling proteins, including phytochrome-interacting factors (PIFs), PIF-like factors (PILs), and long hypocotyl in far-red 1 (HFR1). In Arabidopsis thaliana, HFR1, a basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) transcription factor, inhibits seed germination by modulating the expression of gibberellin (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) pathway genes. This study reports the identification and characterization of OsHFR1, a rice (Oryza sativa L.) ortholog of AtHFR1. OsHFR1 contains a conserved bHLH domain at its N-terminal region and is involved in light signaling. Expression analysis revealed that OsHFR1 transcript levels were highest under far-red light. Functional studies showed that oshfr1 mutants had significantly reduced chlorophyll and anthocyanin contents and lower germination rates under both white light and dark conditions compared to wild-type (WT) plants. Conversely, activation tagging lines (OsHFR1-AT) exhibited slightly enhanced germination rates under white light. Transcriptomic and qRT-PCR analyses indicated that OsHFR1 promotes seed germination by upregulating GA biosynthesis genes (OsGA3ox1, OsGAMYB, and OsAmylase) and reducing ABA-related gene expression. Additionally, OsHFR1 plays a role in modulating chlorophyll biosynthesis and photosynthetic pigment accumulation. These findings establish OsHFR1 as a key regulator of light signaling, seed germination, and pigment biosynthesis in rice.