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<p>Drought stress significantly impacts barley, one of the world’s most important cereal crops, by inhibiting its growth, development, and yield. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of drought tolerance in barley and developing drought-resistant varieties by identifying genetic determinants and candidate genes are critical for ensuring sustainable barley production under changing climate conditions. During drought conditions, barley plants experience reduced water availability, leading to a decrease in peduncle length (PLE), number of spikelets per spike (NSS), number of grains per spike (NGS), and thousand kernel weight (TKW) compared to control conditions. Correlation analysis reveals important trait interdependencies that can inform breeding programs. For instance, the positive correlation between PLE and NSS under both conditions suggests that selecting longer peduncles could enhance spikelet number, an essential yield component. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified seven genomic regions with 92 potential candidate genes associated with evaluated traits under both conditions, located on chromosome 2H. Interestingly, the most significant SNP marker (C:A), located within the gene <i>HORVU.MOREX.r3.2HG0185000</i> and annotated as an aldehyde dehydrogenase, was associated with variation in NGS_C, PLE_C, PLE_D, and NSS_D. This gene was involved in the biosynthesis of osmoprotectants and antioxidants, which enhance the plant’s ability to manage oxidative stress and maintain cellular homeostasis under drought conditions. Allelic variation revealed that genotypes carrying the A allele exhibited higher trait values compared to those with the C allele, indicating negative selection against the C allele under drought stress conditions. These findings provide valuable insights for developing barley varieties that can withstand drought conditions while maintaining or improving yield attributes. Breeding programs should focus on enhancing traits such as peduncle length that contribute to both drought resilience and yield stability.</p>

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Deciphering genetic control of peduncle length in drought-stressed barley through genome-wide association study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月24日

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  • Fatmah Ahmed Safhi,
  • Samar G. Thabet

摘要

Drought stress significantly impacts barley, one of the world’s most important cereal crops, by inhibiting its growth, development, and yield. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of drought tolerance in barley and developing drought-resistant varieties by identifying genetic determinants and candidate genes are critical for ensuring sustainable barley production under changing climate conditions. During drought conditions, barley plants experience reduced water availability, leading to a decrease in peduncle length (PLE), number of spikelets per spike (NSS), number of grains per spike (NGS), and thousand kernel weight (TKW) compared to control conditions. Correlation analysis reveals important trait interdependencies that can inform breeding programs. For instance, the positive correlation between PLE and NSS under both conditions suggests that selecting longer peduncles could enhance spikelet number, an essential yield component. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified seven genomic regions with 92 potential candidate genes associated with evaluated traits under both conditions, located on chromosome 2H. Interestingly, the most significant SNP marker (C:A), located within the gene HORVU.MOREX.r3.2HG0185000 and annotated as an aldehyde dehydrogenase, was associated with variation in NGS_C, PLE_C, PLE_D, and NSS_D. This gene was involved in the biosynthesis of osmoprotectants and antioxidants, which enhance the plant’s ability to manage oxidative stress and maintain cellular homeostasis under drought conditions. Allelic variation revealed that genotypes carrying the A allele exhibited higher trait values compared to those with the C allele, indicating negative selection against the C allele under drought stress conditions. These findings provide valuable insights for developing barley varieties that can withstand drought conditions while maintaining or improving yield attributes. Breeding programs should focus on enhancing traits such as peduncle length that contribute to both drought resilience and yield stability.