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<p>Drought stress poses a significant threat to global barley production, influencing crop yield, quality, and agricultural sustainability. Consequently, understanding the genetic mechanisms that govern intergenerational and transgenerational stress memory, particularly in relation to drought exposure histories, is essential. In this study, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using a diverse collection of 216 barley accessions to explore the&#xa0;genetic associations/candidate genes&#xa0;controlling drought stress histories. We compared seeds from a second-generation group not exposed to drought stress (C1C2) with those from groups that had encountered drought stress either two generations prior (D1C2; transgenerational drought memory), in the previous generation (C1D2; intergenerational drought memory), or in both generations (D1D2; combined drought memory). Our results demonstrated that historical exposure to drought stress, regardless of the number of affected generations, led to significant alterations in several agronomical traits, including thousand kernel weight, and both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant levels. These findings suggest that prior drought exposure induces lasting physiological changes in barley plants, which may trigger adaptive responses upon subsequent stress encounters. Notably, highly significant genetic associations and candidate genes were identified for most of the traits evaluated, underscoring the importance of intergenerational and transgenerational stress memory. For example, a highly significant marker was identified on chromosome 7H within the candidate gene <i>HORVU.MOREX.r3.7HG0746080</i>, which encodes a NAC (no apical meristem) domain transcription factor. This transcription factor is instrumental in regulating plant growth, development, and various stress responses, including those triggered by drought conditions. This research highlights the potential of leveraging these natural stress memory mechanisms to enhance drought tolerance and improve the resilience and productivity of future barley generations, especially in the context of escalating environmental stressors.</p>

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Exploring the transgenerational epigenetic inheritance of drought stress responses in barley

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月16日

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  • Fatmah Ahmed Safhi,
  • Samar G. Thabet

摘要

Drought stress poses a significant threat to global barley production, influencing crop yield, quality, and agricultural sustainability. Consequently, understanding the genetic mechanisms that govern intergenerational and transgenerational stress memory, particularly in relation to drought exposure histories, is essential. In this study, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using a diverse collection of 216 barley accessions to explore the genetic associations/candidate genes controlling drought stress histories. We compared seeds from a second-generation group not exposed to drought stress (C1C2) with those from groups that had encountered drought stress either two generations prior (D1C2; transgenerational drought memory), in the previous generation (C1D2; intergenerational drought memory), or in both generations (D1D2; combined drought memory). Our results demonstrated that historical exposure to drought stress, regardless of the number of affected generations, led to significant alterations in several agronomical traits, including thousand kernel weight, and both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant levels. These findings suggest that prior drought exposure induces lasting physiological changes in barley plants, which may trigger adaptive responses upon subsequent stress encounters. Notably, highly significant genetic associations and candidate genes were identified for most of the traits evaluated, underscoring the importance of intergenerational and transgenerational stress memory. For example, a highly significant marker was identified on chromosome 7H within the candidate gene HORVU.MOREX.r3.7HG0746080, which encodes a NAC (no apical meristem) domain transcription factor. This transcription factor is instrumental in regulating plant growth, development, and various stress responses, including those triggered by drought conditions. This research highlights the potential of leveraging these natural stress memory mechanisms to enhance drought tolerance and improve the resilience and productivity of future barley generations, especially in the context of escalating environmental stressors.