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<p>The development of effective technologies for degrading low-concentration volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in indoor environments remains a critical challenge in environmental remediation. In this work, a Bi<sub>2</sub>MoO<sub>6</sub>-based photocatalyst featuring oxygen vacancies (OVs) and protonation was successfully synthesized via a solvothermal method followed by acid treatment. The optimized catalyst exhibited remarkable performance in degrading low-concentration toluene (30 ppm), achieving 95.43% and 97.44% degradation rates under visible-light irradiation for 120&#xa0;min in air and pure oxygen atmospheres. Mechanistic studies revealed that the introduced oxygen vacancies effectively suppress photo-induced carrier recombination, while protonation enhances molecular oxygen activation, modulates singlet oxygen (<sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub>) generation, and facilitates toluene oxidation. This synergistic strategy not only broadens the visible-light absorption range but also enables precise regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The proposed approach demonstrates excellent visible-light responsiveness and ROS controllability under mild conditions, offering a promising solution for addressing widespread environmental pollution through efficient solar-driven VOCs mineralization.</p>

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The Presence of Oxygen Vacancies and Protonation Promotes Photogenerated Charge Separation and Singlet Oxygen Generation for Efficient Removal of Gaseous Toluene Under Visible Light

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月29日

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  • Guanghua Cai,
  • Jun Li,
  • Lei Wu,
  • Yang Li,
  • Zhendong Ouyang,
  • Xiaofei Li,
  • Yunxiao Wen,
  • Jian Yang,
  • Ximei Fan

摘要

The development of effective technologies for degrading low-concentration volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in indoor environments remains a critical challenge in environmental remediation. In this work, a Bi2MoO6-based photocatalyst featuring oxygen vacancies (OVs) and protonation was successfully synthesized via a solvothermal method followed by acid treatment. The optimized catalyst exhibited remarkable performance in degrading low-concentration toluene (30 ppm), achieving 95.43% and 97.44% degradation rates under visible-light irradiation for 120 min in air and pure oxygen atmospheres. Mechanistic studies revealed that the introduced oxygen vacancies effectively suppress photo-induced carrier recombination, while protonation enhances molecular oxygen activation, modulates singlet oxygen (1O2) generation, and facilitates toluene oxidation. This synergistic strategy not only broadens the visible-light absorption range but also enables precise regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The proposed approach demonstrates excellent visible-light responsiveness and ROS controllability under mild conditions, offering a promising solution for addressing widespread environmental pollution through efficient solar-driven VOCs mineralization.