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<p>The global expansion of renewable energy for carbon neutrality is accelerating. Nevertheless, fossil fuels continue to account for a significant share of energy demand. Coal, in particular, cannot be fully replaced in the short term due to its economic feasibility and supply stability, which underscores the need for complementary technologies to enable its continued utilization. Against this background, the importance of Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) technologies has been increasingly recognized. In this study, we propose an integrated energy resource system that combines salt-cavern-based CCUS with solar power generation. To capture both daily demand–supply fluctuations and seasonal cycles, a two-stage optimization framework was developed. This framework simultaneously maximizes daily profit and ensures long-term operational efficiency. A case study conducted in South Australia shows that the proposed system secures the seasonal periodicity of <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\:{\text{C}\text{O}}_{2}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> injection and withdrawal while increasing annual profitability by 25.1% compared with conventional methods. In addition, by converting the stored <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\:{\text{C}\text{O}}_{2}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> into methanol, the system can produce 452.6 tons of methanol per year, demonstrating a clear value-added benefit. These results suggest that coal-based power generation, when integrated with salt-cavern CCUS and renewable energy, should not be viewed solely as a phase-out target. Instead, it can serve as a competitive and viable option in the transition toward carbon neutrality.</p>

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Optimizing CCUS–Methanol Integrated Systems Using a Two-Stage Framework: Enhancing Profitability and Sustainability of Coal in the Carbon-Neutral Era

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月25日

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  • Jimin Hong,
  • Farshad Khavari,
  • Yosoon Choi

摘要

The global expansion of renewable energy for carbon neutrality is accelerating. Nevertheless, fossil fuels continue to account for a significant share of energy demand. Coal, in particular, cannot be fully replaced in the short term due to its economic feasibility and supply stability, which underscores the need for complementary technologies to enable its continued utilization. Against this background, the importance of Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) technologies has been increasingly recognized. In this study, we propose an integrated energy resource system that combines salt-cavern-based CCUS with solar power generation. To capture both daily demand–supply fluctuations and seasonal cycles, a two-stage optimization framework was developed. This framework simultaneously maximizes daily profit and ensures long-term operational efficiency. A case study conducted in South Australia shows that the proposed system secures the seasonal periodicity of \(\:{\text{C}\text{O}}_{2}\) injection and withdrawal while increasing annual profitability by 25.1% compared with conventional methods. In addition, by converting the stored \(\:{\text{C}\text{O}}_{2}\) into methanol, the system can produce 452.6 tons of methanol per year, demonstrating a clear value-added benefit. These results suggest that coal-based power generation, when integrated with salt-cavern CCUS and renewable energy, should not be viewed solely as a phase-out target. Instead, it can serve as a competitive and viable option in the transition toward carbon neutrality.