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<p>The present study explores a sustainable and efficient approach for the extraction of valuable metals such as lithium (Li), cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni) and iron (Fe) from waste lithium-ion batteries (W-LIBs) with weak organic acids (gluconic acid (G.A.) and citric acid (C.A.)) and ultrasound (US) intensified weak organic acids chemical leaching method. In this study, a systematic investigation has been performed to estimate the synergetic effect of G.A. and C.A. with total concentration of 1&#xa0;M under variable operative parameters. The operative parameters include leaching temperature (45–125&#xa0;°C), solid to liquid ratio (10–30&#xa0;g/L), leaching time (0–240&#xa0;min), and ultrasound (US) power (20–100%) for Li and other metal recovery. It has been found that maximum recovery has been achieved at 0.5&#xa0;M: 0.5&#xa0;M G.A.: C.A. composition, temperature- 125&#xa0;°C, time- 210&#xa0;min, S/L ratio- 10&#xa0;g/L (for Li, Co), 25&#xa0;g/L (for Fe, Ni, and Mn), power rate- 60%. This study revealed that, 99.84, 96.74, 98.34, 99.40, &amp; 99.87% of Li, Co, Fe, Ni &amp; Mn respectively can be recovered at optimized condition. While comparing the US intensified weak organic acids chemical leaching method with weak organic acids based leaching method, it improves Li, Co, Fe, Ni &amp; Mn recovery by 15.84, 6.64, 12.53, 13.09 &amp; 4.3% respectively at optimized conditions. In addition, the W-LIBs powder and leaching residue have been characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with elemental mapping and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDAX). Collectively, current study can establish a novel synergetic leaching approach coupling with mixed weak acids with US power system. Overall it is demonstrating an extremely effective and ecologically benign route for the leaching of precious metals from W-LIBs powder.</p>

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Ultrasound Coupled Chemical Leaching of Metals from W-LIBs using Organic Acids: An Intensify Green Approach

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月27日

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  • Jyoti Agrawal,
  • Rajesh Kumar Yadav,
  • Vitthal L. Gole,
  • Ravi Shankar

摘要

The present study explores a sustainable and efficient approach for the extraction of valuable metals such as lithium (Li), cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni) and iron (Fe) from waste lithium-ion batteries (W-LIBs) with weak organic acids (gluconic acid (G.A.) and citric acid (C.A.)) and ultrasound (US) intensified weak organic acids chemical leaching method. In this study, a systematic investigation has been performed to estimate the synergetic effect of G.A. and C.A. with total concentration of 1 M under variable operative parameters. The operative parameters include leaching temperature (45–125 °C), solid to liquid ratio (10–30 g/L), leaching time (0–240 min), and ultrasound (US) power (20–100%) for Li and other metal recovery. It has been found that maximum recovery has been achieved at 0.5 M: 0.5 M G.A.: C.A. composition, temperature- 125 °C, time- 210 min, S/L ratio- 10 g/L (for Li, Co), 25 g/L (for Fe, Ni, and Mn), power rate- 60%. This study revealed that, 99.84, 96.74, 98.34, 99.40, & 99.87% of Li, Co, Fe, Ni & Mn respectively can be recovered at optimized condition. While comparing the US intensified weak organic acids chemical leaching method with weak organic acids based leaching method, it improves Li, Co, Fe, Ni & Mn recovery by 15.84, 6.64, 12.53, 13.09 & 4.3% respectively at optimized conditions. In addition, the W-LIBs powder and leaching residue have been characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with elemental mapping and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDAX). Collectively, current study can establish a novel synergetic leaching approach coupling with mixed weak acids with US power system. Overall it is demonstrating an extremely effective and ecologically benign route for the leaching of precious metals from W-LIBs powder.