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<p>Zinc oxide (ZnO), a low-cost and environmentally benign semiconductor material, holds promise for uranium (U(VI)) adsorption due to its tunable morphology and hydroxyl-rich surface. However, the quantitative relationship between its morphology, surface properties, and adsorption performance remains unclear, hindering the rational design of high-performance adsorbents. To address this, four distinct ZnO morphologies were systematically synthesized and comparatively evaluated for U(VI) removal. The adsorption performance followed the order: spherical flower-like (ZnO-1) &gt; rod-like (ZnO-3) &gt; sheet-like (ZnO-2) &gt; hollow spheres (ZnO-4). Remarkably, ZnO-1 achieved a high removal efficiency of 96.33% within 100&#xa0;min. The superior performance is attributed to its unique hierarchical structure, which synergistically maximizes both specific surface area and oxygen vacancy concentration, with the co-presence of both being essential for optimal performance. This work elucidates a critical structure–property relationship and provides a clear design principle for ZnO-based adsorbents: synergistic enhancement of both physical and chemical surface properties through targeted morphology control.</p>

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Morphology-Dependent Uranium Adsorption on Zinc Oxide: Unraveling the Synergistic Role of Surface Area and Oxygen Vacancies

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月1日

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  • Xiaonan Zhang,
  • Dongdong Deng,
  • Congyu Du,
  • Huiye Zhang,
  • Xueze Wang,
  • Yuanyuan Cheng,
  • Jingjing Dong,
  • Liyong Yuan

摘要

Zinc oxide (ZnO), a low-cost and environmentally benign semiconductor material, holds promise for uranium (U(VI)) adsorption due to its tunable morphology and hydroxyl-rich surface. However, the quantitative relationship between its morphology, surface properties, and adsorption performance remains unclear, hindering the rational design of high-performance adsorbents. To address this, four distinct ZnO morphologies were systematically synthesized and comparatively evaluated for U(VI) removal. The adsorption performance followed the order: spherical flower-like (ZnO-1) > rod-like (ZnO-3) > sheet-like (ZnO-2) > hollow spheres (ZnO-4). Remarkably, ZnO-1 achieved a high removal efficiency of 96.33% within 100 min. The superior performance is attributed to its unique hierarchical structure, which synergistically maximizes both specific surface area and oxygen vacancy concentration, with the co-presence of both being essential for optimal performance. This work elucidates a critical structure–property relationship and provides a clear design principle for ZnO-based adsorbents: synergistic enhancement of both physical and chemical surface properties through targeted morphology control.