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<p>The separation of hydrogen isotopologues, such as protium (H<sub>2</sub>), deuterium (D<sub>2</sub>) and tritium (T<sub>2</sub>), is necessary for the stable and consistent operation of heavy water nuclear power plants, where deuterium oxide (D<sub>2</sub>O) is used as both a moderator and coolant. As conventional processes, cryogenic distillation and catalytic exchange are widely applied for hydrogen isotopologues separation. However, those techniques encounter intrinsic limitations including high energy consumption, slow reaction rates and large operational costs. As an alternative, separation techniques based on the mechanism of chemical affinity quantum sieving have been studied to separate isotopes at liquid nitrogen (N<sub>2</sub>, 77&#xa0;K) to upwards through differences in adsorption. In this study, mesoporous silica modified with silver (Ag) or copper (Cu) was prepared and applied for hydrogen isotopologues separation at 77 and 87&#xa0;K. The structural, morphological and surface chemical properties of the metal incorporated mesoporous silica were analyzed using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, N<sub>2</sub> physisorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and solid-state silicon-29&#xa0;magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Single gas adsorption isotherms of H<sub>2</sub> and D<sub>2</sub> were measured. The isosteric heats of adsorption were calculated to compare how strongly each hydrogen isotopologues interact with the adsorbents and binary separation performance was evaluated using equilibrium modeling. The Cu incorporated mesoporous silica showed the highest D<sub>2</sub> over H<sub>2</sub> selectivity, reaching 5.52 under the D<sub>2</sub> diluted conditions (1:99). This is attributed to the dispersed Cu oxide species in the silica framework as well as the silanol rich domains of mesoporous silica which both enhance interaction with D<sub>2</sub>. These results suggest that isotope selectivity (D<sub>2</sub>/H<sub>2</sub>) can be tuned by adjusting the surface structure, property and pore network of mesoporous silica, offering a practical approach for hydrogen isotopologues separation in nuclear facility.</p>

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Metal Incorporated Mesoporous Silica for Hydrogen Isotope Gas Separation Application in Heavy Water Nuclear Power Plant

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月26日

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  • Daeuk Kang,
  • Chan Woo Park,
  • Hyung-Ju Kim

摘要

The separation of hydrogen isotopologues, such as protium (H2), deuterium (D2) and tritium (T2), is necessary for the stable and consistent operation of heavy water nuclear power plants, where deuterium oxide (D2O) is used as both a moderator and coolant. As conventional processes, cryogenic distillation and catalytic exchange are widely applied for hydrogen isotopologues separation. However, those techniques encounter intrinsic limitations including high energy consumption, slow reaction rates and large operational costs. As an alternative, separation techniques based on the mechanism of chemical affinity quantum sieving have been studied to separate isotopes at liquid nitrogen (N2, 77 K) to upwards through differences in adsorption. In this study, mesoporous silica modified with silver (Ag) or copper (Cu) was prepared and applied for hydrogen isotopologues separation at 77 and 87 K. The structural, morphological and surface chemical properties of the metal incorporated mesoporous silica were analyzed using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, N2 physisorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and solid-state silicon-29 magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Single gas adsorption isotherms of H2 and D2 were measured. The isosteric heats of adsorption were calculated to compare how strongly each hydrogen isotopologues interact with the adsorbents and binary separation performance was evaluated using equilibrium modeling. The Cu incorporated mesoporous silica showed the highest D2 over H2 selectivity, reaching 5.52 under the D2 diluted conditions (1:99). This is attributed to the dispersed Cu oxide species in the silica framework as well as the silanol rich domains of mesoporous silica which both enhance interaction with D2. These results suggest that isotope selectivity (D2/H2) can be tuned by adjusting the surface structure, property and pore network of mesoporous silica, offering a practical approach for hydrogen isotopologues separation in nuclear facility.