Wearable Sensors for Motion and Electrophysiological Signal Tracking in XR

Extended-reality (XR) technology is transforming digital interaction by blending virtual elements with the physical world via portable devices. Accurate body movement recognition and electrophysiological monitoring are crucial for immersive XR experiences. However, the bulky and complex design of current devices limits their adoption. Innovations in material science have led to the development of flexible wearable sensors that address these issues with their soft or even stretchable features, which allow the materials to conformal mount the skin and minimize motion interference, thus enhancing movement detection. This review paper discusses the significance of motion recognition and related electrophysiological signal monitoring for XR systems and highlights the benefits of flexible wearable sensors. We showcase the latest progress in these sensors and their prospective utility in capturing user movement and transmitting electrophysiological signals in XR, thereby enabling personalized experiences. Furthermore, we examine the current limitations, the primary challenges, and the prospective future developments of these novel flexible wearable sensors.