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<p>We propose a simple yet effective method for estimating the minimum internal pressure, denoted as <i>P</i><sub><i>b</i>, min</sub>, within an oscillating bubble at its maximum size. In controlled explosion-generated bubble experiments, <i>P</i><sub><i>b</i>, min</sub> is estimated at approximately 3 000 Pa, with the partial pressure of non-condensable gas being below 1 000 Pa. Numerical simulations using accurate initial parameters derived from <i>P</i><sub><i>b</i>, min</sub> accurately reproduce the bubble behaviors for the first two cycles, particularly the significant energy damping in nonspherical bubbles. For spark-generated cavitation bubbles, increasing the discharge energy from 10 to 62.5 J leads to a reduction in <i>P</i><sub><i>b</i>, min</sub> from approximately 10 000 to 4 000 Pa. The analysis further shows that low <i>P</i><sub><i>b</i>, min</sub> and high <i>m</i><sub><i>v</i></sub>/<i>m</i> trigger a violent collapse, leading to a pronounced increase in acoustic radiation, which in turn suppresses the bubble rebound. Within this regime, the radiation is acutely sensitive to variations in both parameters.</p>

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Minimum Internal Pressures in Underwater Explosions and Spark-generated Cavitation Bubbles

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月12日

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  • Shaocong Pei,
  • Rui Han,
  • Shuai Li

摘要

We propose a simple yet effective method for estimating the minimum internal pressure, denoted as Pb, min, within an oscillating bubble at its maximum size. In controlled explosion-generated bubble experiments, Pb, min is estimated at approximately 3 000 Pa, with the partial pressure of non-condensable gas being below 1 000 Pa. Numerical simulations using accurate initial parameters derived from Pb, min accurately reproduce the bubble behaviors for the first two cycles, particularly the significant energy damping in nonspherical bubbles. For spark-generated cavitation bubbles, increasing the discharge energy from 10 to 62.5 J leads to a reduction in Pb, min from approximately 10 000 to 4 000 Pa. The analysis further shows that low Pb, min and high mv/m trigger a violent collapse, leading to a pronounced increase in acoustic radiation, which in turn suppresses the bubble rebound. Within this regime, the radiation is acutely sensitive to variations in both parameters.