<p>Conventional large-bore marine engines often suffer from misfire, incomplete combustion, and elevated emissions under lean-burn conditions. This review focuses on the application of prechamber turbulent jet ignition (TJI) systems in internal combustion engines to enable stable and efficient lean-burn. As a significant technological advancement, TJI generates multiple high-energy turbulent flame jets, effectively extending the lean-burn limit and enhancing ignition reliability. Given the increasingly stringent emission regulations and the marine industry’s shift toward zero- and low-carbon fuels-such as H₂, NH₃, methane, and methanol—TJI offers a promising solution for clean propulsion. This study systematically reviews the structural design of prechambers and nozzles, the strategies for fuel selection and injection in both the prechamber and main chamber, and their collective influence on combustion performance, emission characteristics, and thermal efficiency. It highlights the potential of TJI to support ultra lean-burn and low-emission operation, offering theoretical insights and technical references for future research and the practical deployment of sustainable marine power systems.</p>